华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 103-109.

• 民俗学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

“石佛浮海”神话与上海地域形象建构

毕旭玲   

  1. 上海社会科学院文学研究所,上海,200020
  • 出版日期:2014-03-15 发布日期:2014-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 毕旭玲
  • 作者简介:毕旭玲

The Myth of “a Stone Buddha Floating on the Sea” and Shanghai Regional Image Construction

BI Xu-ling   

  • Online:2014-03-15 Published:2014-04-01
  • Contact: BI Xu-ling
  • About author:BI Xu-ling

摘要: “石佛浮海”是中国佛教史上的著名神话,发生于六朝时期的上海地区。相传有石佛浮于沪渎海滨,后被安置在苏州通玄寺。这一神话为梁简文帝亲自撰文鼓吹,唐代宫廷遣人前来观摩以在长安复制,其神话还被图画到敦煌洞窟,并远播海外,沪渎地域的神话变成了国家的神话。宋代以来,古代上海地区也开始对于这一神话资源展开了争夺。《云间志》借此神话构筑起静安寺的早期历史,发展出石像首先被安置于沪渎重玄寺(静安寺)等情节。南宋《寺记》、元代《静安八咏集》及历代地方志都不断借助这一神话建构上海地域社会的神圣历史,石佛浮海神话话语权渐为上海掌控。静安也由一个寺庙名称成为上海中心城区的地名,“石佛浮海”神话诞生地“沪渎”成为上海的地标和代名词。石佛浮海神话的发生演变过程,体现了神话资源对于地方社会建构的独特价值,也体现出上海地方社会对于神话资源的执着坚守。

关键词: 石佛泛海, 神话传说, 上海地域, 文化建构

Abstract: As a famous myth in Chinese history of Buddhism, “a stone Buddha floating on the sea” happened in Shanghai in the Six Dynasties. It is said that a stone Buddha floated to Hudu seaside, and it was finally placed in Suzhou Tongxuan Temple. This myth was advocated by Emperor Jianwen of Liang in an article. The Tang Court sent officials to visit the Buddha and then duplicated it in Chang’an City. The myth was also painted in Dunhuang Grottoes and spread oversea. The myth, which originally happened in Hudu, became national. Since the Song Dynasty, Shanghai region has started to compete for the resources of the myth. Clouds Chorography (Yunjian Zhi) applies it to construct the early history of Jing’an Temple, and develops new plots, including a story that the stone Buddha was placed first in Hudu Chongxuan Temple (Jing’an Temple) in Shanghai. Records of Temples (Siji) in the Southern Song Dynasty, Collected Poems of the Eight Scenery Spots at Jing'an Temple (Jing’an Bayong Ji) in the Yuan Dynasty and other chorographic writings construct the sacred history of Shanghai regional society. Shanghai gradually controlled the discourse power of the myth. Jing’ an, originally a name of a temple, became a name of a central area in Shanghai. “Hudu”, the birthplace of the myth, became the landmark of Shanghai and even its new name. The evolution of the myth reflects that mythical resources have unique value in the construction of local society, and it also shows that Shanghai local society sticks to the mythical resource.