华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 45-52.

• “知识与行动”专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

关于推理的古典实用主义分析

张留华   

  1. 华东师范大学哲学系，上海　２００２４１
  • 出版日期:2014-11-15 发布日期:2014-12-11
  • 通讯作者: 张留华
  • 作者简介: 张留华
  • 基金资助:

    本文为教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“知行哲学的当代研究”（１１ＪＪＤ７２００１９）和上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“古典实用主义推理论研究”（２０１３ＢＺＸ００２）的阶段性成果。

The Outline of a Theory of Reasoning in Light of Classical Pragmatism

ZHANG Liu-hua   

  1. Department of Philosophy, East China Normal University
  • Online:2014-11-15 Published:2014-12-11
  • Contact: ZHANG Liu-hua
  • About author:ZHANG Liu-hua

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摘要： 实践逻辑何以可能，是当代哲学乃至一切理性思考的核心议题。古典实用主义认为，推理并非只是抽象的数学演算而主要是人类生活世界的一部分，但凡合乎逻辑的推理都应该是在合情合理地行事，因而推理本身就是一种有承诺的探究。在成功避开心理主义指责的情况下，古典实用主义推理论可以表述为颇具理论生发性的一组基本观点：（１）推理开始于真实的怀疑；（２） 推理以“求真” 为目标指向；（３） 推理可区分为好坏；（４）推理通过习惯与未来行动相连；（５）实用主义准则代表着以推理明晰观念的一种总方法。

关键词: 推理论, 实用主义, 皮尔士, 詹姆斯, 杜威

Abstract: The possibility of practical logic is a core issue in contemporary philosophy and other rational enterprises. According to classical pragmatists, reasoning, in the first, was as a constitute of human life, not as a calculus external to the world. In general, all the logical reasoning were doing things reasonably, therefore, reasoning should be seen as a committed action or an intentional inquiry. This theory of reasoning offers a better alternative to the approach of informal logic or natural logic to practical reason. This paper gives a outline of a theory of reasoning in light of classical pragmatism, and responds to its main challenge and made some prospects for its philosophical relevance.

Key words: theory of reaoning, pragmatism, Peirce, James, Dewey