华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 44-52.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.06.005

• 哲学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

何种品质堪称美德？——论赫斯特豪斯的新亚里士多德主义美德标准理论

李义天   

  • 出版日期:2021-11-15 发布日期:2021-11-25
  • 作者简介:李义天，清华大学高校德育研究中心教授，中国人民大学伦理学与道德建设研究中心研究员（北京，100084）

What kind of Character Trait Can Be Called as a Virtue?：On Rosalind Hursthouse’s Neo-Aristotelian Theory of Virtue Standard

Yi-tian LI   

  • Online:2021-11-15 Published:2021-11-25

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摘要：

新亚里士多德主义是当代美德伦理学的主要范式之一。它不仅需要在清理和批判现代道德哲学的基础上建构自身的行动理论与动机理论，更需要树立美德的概念标准，回答“何种品质堪称美德”。作为新亚里士多德主义代表，赫斯特豪斯对此设定了相互联系的三个命题：（1）美德有利于其拥有者；（2）美德使其拥有者成为好的人；（3）上述两种特征彼此关联。赫斯特豪斯通过将命题（1）界定为大概率的建议，将命题（2）内置于伦理自然主义的视野，将命题（3）奠基于亚里士多德的人性理论，不仅回应了既有挑战，而且为其新亚里士多德主义的美德标准理论提供了相应的论证与辩护。

关键词: 新亚里士多德主义, 品质, 美德标准, 伦理自然主义

Abstract:

Neo-Aristotelianism is the major paradigm of contemporary virtue ethics. It must not only construct its theories of action and motive based on the critique of modern moral philosophy, but also establish the conceptual standard of virtue to answer the question of “what kind of character trait can be regarded as a virtue”. As one of important Neo-Aristotelian scholars, Rosalind Hursthouse assumes three interrelated propositions: first, a virtue benefits its possessor; second, a virtue makes its possessor a good human being; third, the above two features are interrelated. Hursthouse identifies the first proposition as a suggestion with high probability, puts the second one into a vision of ethical naturalism, and takes Aristotle’s theory of human nature as the foundation of the third one. With these strategies, Hursthouse makes the response to the given challenges, and provides justification and defense for her Neo-Aristotelian theory of virtue.

Key words: Neo-Aristotelianism, character trait, virtue standard, ethical naturalism