华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2): 167-177.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.02.016

• 中国式现代化：对外经济高质量发展 • 上一篇    

中日在东南亚第三方市场基础设施建设中的合作模式及其改进

王丽琴   

  • 接受日期:2025-02-19 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-04-01
  • 作者简介:王丽琴，同济大学政治与国际关系学院副教授（上海，200092）
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金后期资助项目“中日对东南亚基础设施投资的竞合研究”（项目编号：22FGJB007）。

China-Japan Cooperation in Infrastructure Construction in Southeast Asia as the Third Market：Models and Challenges

Liqin Wang   

  • Accepted:2025-02-19 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-04-01

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摘要：

中日双方在东南亚第三方市场基础设施建设中的合作主要采用“企业对企业”模式。该模式合作历史悠久，远远早于中日“政府对政府”合作；合作行业聚焦，以能源次行业为主；合作形式多样，涵盖垂直型合作和水平型合作。然而，这一模式在实施过程中也面临多重挑战。首先，日本私营企业以经济理性为导向，而中国国有企业部分承担国家地缘经济目标，双方合作存在目标协调困难。其次，中国倾向于与东南亚各国展开双边层次合作，而日本更偏向于与东盟整体进行区域层次合作，这导致合作层次错位。最后，中日双方在基础设施部分次行业（尤其是交通领域）的合作标准存在分歧，增加了合作难度。这些挑战显著影响了中日双方在东南亚基础设施建设方面的合作进程，致使部分项目合作延迟、终止或缺失。为应对上述挑战，中日需适当提升“政府对政府”合作比例，并深化“企业对企业”战略合作；同时，中国应警惕日本势力在东南亚的渗透及日本金融企业的相对优势，妥善应对合作中的竞争。

关键词: 中日双方, 东南亚, 基础设施建设, “企业对企业”合作模式, 合作目标协调

Abstract:

China and Japan primarily adopt a “business-to-business” (B2B) model for infrastructure cooperation in the third-party market in Southeast Asia. This long-standing model, which predates the “government-to-government” (G2G) approach, has primarily focused on sub-sectors such as energy and takes on various forms. However, this model faces several challenges. Firstly, Japanese private enterprises prioritize economic rationality, whereas Chinese state-owned enterprises partly undertake national geopolitical objectives, leading to difficulties in aligning goals. Secondly, China tends to engage in bilateral cooperation with individual Southeast Asian countries, whereas Japan prefers regional-level cooperation with ASEAN as a bloc, resulting in misaligned cooperation levels. Finally, differences in standards, especially in sectors such as transportation, further complicate cooperation. These challenges significantly hinder the progress of China-Japan cooperation in Southeast Asia, leading to delays, terminations, or the absence of cooperation in some projects. To address these challenges, China and Japan should appropriately increase the G2G component while deepening strategic B2B cooperation. Additionally, China should remain vigilant about Japan’s influence in Southeast Asia and the comparative advantages of Japanese financial enterprises’, carefully managing competition throughout the cooperation process.

Key words: China-Japan, Southeast Asia, infrastructure, “business-to-business” cooperation model, cooperation goal alignment