家庭监护缺失或监护不当的困境儿童保护是儿童保护中的重中之重和难中之难。2016年以来上海市积极探索监护困境儿童保护机制，开展摸底排查，建立临时监护照料场所，健全安全保障机制，但在发现报告机制、临时照料、离站安置和保障帮扶机制等方面仍存在许多困境和问题。为此，论文在借鉴相关经验基础上，从理念、法律、机构设置和专业引进等角度提出进一步完善监护困境儿童保护机制的对策建议。

The protection of children living in difficult circumstances, who are lack of family guardianship or receive inappropriate guardianship, is the top priority with most difficulty in children protection. Since 2016, great efforts have been made in perfecting the protection mechanism towards children living in difficulty, investigating the real situation, building temporary custody shelters and ameliorating the security guaranty mechanism. However, there are still multiple predicaments and problems in aspects such as the discovering and reporting mechanism, temporary care provision, arrangement after leaving the temporary shelters as well as the safeguard and assistance mechanism. Therefore, this paper proposes countermeasures to further improve the protection mechanism of children living in difficulty from perspectives of theories, law, organization setting and profession introduction.