纵观西方语义学史，其研究旨趣可概括为历史取向、心理取向和语境取向，即19世纪的西方语义学已先后与生物学、心理学和社会学交叉。如今奉为当代语言学的一些“新理论”—心理性、主观性、社会性、形式和功能、静态和动态、语境和情境、隐喻和转喻、意义域或原型理论等，皆植根于往昔论著之中。20世纪的三种形式主义思潮，导致西方人本语言观形成三道裂隙，从20世纪60年代始，当代西方语言研究中才出现了向传统人本语言观的回归。基于德、法、英、俄诸语数十种早期语言学原著，可以追溯这些“新理论”的渊源，以推进语言学思想史研究。

Western semantics history could be summarized as historical orientation, psychological orientation and contextual orientation. In other words, Western semantics of the 19th century has been successively overlapped with biology, psychology and sociology. All “new theories” in modern times we are worshipping, including psychology, subjectivity, sociality, form and function, statics and dynamics, context and situation, metaphor and metonymy, and meaning domain and prototype theory, are beneath previous masterpieces. Owing to the three trends of formalism in the 20^th century, three cracks formed in Western humanistic view of language. Not until the 1960s, did a return to traditional humanistic view of language in contemporary Western linguistic study emerge. Based on dozens of previous original works of German, French, English and Russian languages, this paper traces the origins of these “new theories” in order to promote the research of the linguistic and intellectual history.