在全球贸易保护主义愈演愈烈的背景下，贸易摩擦已成为世界各国维护国内经济秩序与产业安全的重要工具。创新在经济发展中居于核心地位，贸易摩擦是否妨害了目标国的技术创新值得深入探讨。基于2000—2015年全球119个国家的跨国面板数据研究贸易摩擦对目标国技术创新的影响效果和作用机制，其结果显示：贸易摩擦显著抑制了目标国技术创新水平的提升，这一结果在选取不同的贸易摩擦衡量方式、更换创新度量指标、引入工具变量等一系列稳健性检验下仍然成立；机制检验表明，贸易摩擦主要通过降低对外开放度和阻碍国际人员交流从而损害目标国的技术创新水平；进一步研究发现，目标国优化产业结构、提升金融发展水平和增强政府效能可以显著抵御贸易摩擦对其技术创新的不利冲击。在贸易摩擦频发的背景下，中国等后发国家应坚定贸易自由化、多元化与便利化发展战略，完善对外开放新格局、扩大高端人力资本对外交流、促进产业组织合理化，以进一步提高技术创新能力。

Against the background of increasing global trade protectionism, trade frictions have become an important tool for countries around the world to maintain domestic economic order and industrial safety. Innovation is the core of economic development. Whether trade frictions have harmed the technological innovation of the target country is worthy of in-depth discussion. Based on the cross-country panel data of 119 countries in the world from 2000 to 2015, we analyze the effect and mechanism of trade frictions on technological innovation of the target country. The result shows that trade frictions have significantly inhibited the improvement of the target country’s technological innovation level. This conclusion is still valid under a series of robustness tests such as the selection of different trade frictions measurement methods, the replacement of innovative measurement indicators, the introduction of instrument variables. Mechanism tests show that trade frictions mainly damage the target country’s technological innovation by reducing the degree of openness and hindering international personnel exchanges. Further research finds that optimizing the industrial structure, improving the level of financial development and enhancing government effectiveness can significantly resist the adverse impact of trade frictions on national technological innovation. Against the background of frequent trade frictions, emerging countries, including China, should further elevate the technology innovation capabilities by firmly implementing developing strategies such as promoting freedom, diversity and convenience of trading, improving the new pattern of opening up, expanding the external exchanges of top human capital, and promoting the rationalization of industrial organizations.