制度的善德体现为公正。制度公正是构建和谐社会的必要条件, 但仅此还是不够的, 还必须培育公民的善德。首先, 公正的社会制度是孕育和发展公民善德良序的基础和保证, 但制度本身毕竟又是由具体的、具有某种德性的人来制定和执行的; 其次, 社会制度是刚性的、普遍性的, 而公民善德则是个体性的、柔性的, 因此两者在所涉内容和调节特点上也构成一种互补互励的关系。当我们将目光从一味的制度层面移开, 通过对上述两种社会调节方式及其互动关系的比较分析, 可以看出: 一个社会只有得到制度善德与公民美德的双重支撑, 才能达一个较好的和谐状态。

The institutional virtue of goodness finds expression in justice.The institutional justice is requisite to building up a harmonious society.Besides that, it is necessary to cultivate citizens' virtue of goodness.First, a just social system is the foundation and guarantee of developing civil virtues; however, the system itself is to be made and carried out by particular persons with certain virtues.Second, the rigid, universal social system and individual, elastic civil virtue can be complementary to each other.When a society gains supports of institutional and civil virtues, it may reach a relatively good harmonious state.