Abstract: Fair distribution is the lifeblood of public rental housing allocation, which includes five dimensions such as allocation criteria justice, allocation process justice, information justice, interactional justice and distributive justice. The governments of the Netherlands have focused on the fair distribution of public rental housing since the end of the World War II, and have taken successively the distribution model and the choice-based letting model to improve the fair distribution. The Dutch experience provides inspiration for us in this field. The public rental housing allocation should adhere to the principle of fair distribution and should advance systematically fair distribution from the following five aspects: distribution mechanism, distribution system, distribution institution, distribution operation scheme and housing allowance system.