Abstract: Taking the social structure elements as the origin, Marx’s social structural theory constructed theatrical structure from macro, medium and micro level respectively. No matter from content and methodology, this theory has important guiding significance for the construction of national governance system. Therefore, we should “go back to Marx”. Starting from longitudinal and transverse aspects of structure system, we should rationally coordinate the relations between each element of different levels and fields of social structure to construct national governance system, and then promote the modernization of governance capacity and perfection of national governance system with effective institutional supply and its executive power.

Key words: Marx, Social structure theory, National governance system, governance capacity.