Abstract: Foucault's The ordre of things is usually considered as a structuralism work, because it profoundly denied the dominant fundament of cogito Cartesian. Through the investigation and the comparison of two periods of the Renaissance and the classic, considering the different roles of cogito in the tension between words and things, the critique foucauldian does not aim to deny the cognitive subject, but to reveal the space of experience constituted in the level of cogito, which is mixed with the representation and the thing. This space loses not only the variety of the world but also the complicity of man. In the classical period, it reflects neither man nor world, but a utopian of language, it’s an inheritance and lost of the resemblance. And to get out of this disposition, we must carry out a kind of "askêsis" style of "cogito".

Key words: Cogito丨resemblance丨representation丨askê, sis