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15 November 2015, Volume 47 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Logical Starting Point of the Study of Humorous Language, Lies, Legal Language, Rhetoric of the Images of Organizations, Empirical Rhetoric, etc.: Thinking through “New Speech Act Analysis” HU Fan-Zhu 2015, 47 (6):  1-9.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.001 Abstract ( 434 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (599KB) ( 1679 )   Save An effective research paradigm must be a unity of aims, questions and methods. Hence, if “rhetoric” is redefined as “all processes of using language to realize one’s own purposes”, then the “ultimate target of rhetoric” shall be set as “effectively promoting the socialization of individuals, the interaction within groups and the modernization of social life by analyzing speech act”. The key issue of rhetoric is as follows: How can we modernize the linguistic communication among people, organizations, and between people and organizations in modern life? In order to solve this key issue, we find the most effective core concept is (new) speech act. Consequently come relative instrumental categories such as “subject type”, “purpose structure”, “discourse process”, “context parameter”, “media”, “interrelationship”, “behavior type”, “case analysis” and “system of rules (constitutive rules/strategic rules)”; in addition, it becomes possible to theoretically put forward a series of new questions such as “how to develop rhetoric of case database”. This constitutes the rhetoric based on “new speech act analysis”. Related Articles | Metrics

其他

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Language’s Restriction on Logic and Science: Why Science Cannot Developed in China? ZHU Xiao-Nong 2015, 47 (6):  10-28.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.002 Abstract ( 727 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1261KB) ( 2047 )   Save “Needham puzzle”, that is, “why modern science hadn’t developed in China”, is a weak and even fake question. A strong version of this question shall be why science cannot develop in China, and its true version shall be why science can develop in Europe. In Einstein, one of the prerequisites for the development of science is deductive logic. Furthermore, a language with a subject-predict structure is necessary for the development of deductive logic because a logical proposition is embodied in a subject-predict structure. The grammatical features of Chinese language are different from those of Indo-European languages: A sentence is mainly built in a topic-explanation structure, of which the subject-predict structure is an particular case; grammatical units at all levels, including word, phase and sentence, share a similar structure; the main function of sentence elements is to make comparison. These grammatical features have determined that the Chinese way of reasoning is dominated by analogy and comparison. Previous discussions about “Needham Puzzle” focus on political, economic, cultural, geographical, philosophical and other external causes. However, it won’t be meaningful to discuss external causes until the internal cause has been discovered. This paper puts forward a theory that there are three stages (language stage, logic and form science stage and empirical science stage) with six phases for science to develop. In spite of the ubiquity of the subject-predict structure, it is really random to take it as the only legitimate sentence structure for reasoning; in other words, it is accident for logic to emerge to some extent. However, it is necessary to realize the importance of the subject-predict structure, promote the non-mainstream subject-predict structure in a natural language as the only legitimate sentence structure in reasoning and argumentation, and thus advance science. In this respect, China was among the best in the world in the last one hundred years. If we attach importance to this in education, we will gain greater achievement in the new century. Related Articles | Metrics

城市社会与文化研究

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The Socio-Spatial Structure Transformation in Shanghai: A Dualistic Society and a Dualistic Space WANG Chun-Lan,YANG Shang-Guang 2015, 47 (6):  30-37.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.003 Abstract ( 479 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (2601KB) ( 974 )   Save This paper explores the socio-spatial structure transformation in a dualistic society of Shanghai based on the data of recent census. The result shows that that in Shanghai, as a typical immigrant city, there is strong continuity in the spatial structure model characterized by population sources. A dualistic spatial structure is quite visible. As the main settlement of foreign population and native population, the center of the city is spreading outside with urban sprawl. Mainly occupied by inter-provincial migrants, the suburban ring around the center city is broadening and at the same time retreating to the outer suburb. The urban socio-spatial structure is a comprehensive result of city elite politics, institution segmentation, unique city history and other factors. The analysis of urban socio-spatial structure supported by precise data will help to refine public policies so that they can be adapted to the urban structure transformation. It is necessary to build up a particular analysis framework of socio-spatial structure in accordance with the particularity of the target city. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Maintenance and Transformation of Tradition: The Urbanization of the Sacrificial Custom Practices at Tomb-sweeping Festival in Shanghai WANG Jun-Xia 2015, 47 (6):  38-46.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.004 Abstract ( 470 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (888KB) ( 1086 )   Save Current study on the Tomb-sweeping Festival mainly focuses on the trajectory of the festival as well as its cultural connotation and function, and the relationship between the festival practices and its social context in a dynamical historical process has been ignored. By studying the practices at Tomb-sweeping Festival in Shanghai in the context of a modern urban society, this paper finds that the customs of Tomb-sweeping Festival in Shanghai are maintained and meanwhile transformed. What is maintained is to express longing and concerns to lost family members at a certain time and what is transformed is the practical forms. With the changes of practical forms, the Tomb-sweeping Festival, which is originally suitable to the agricultural civilization, gradually transforms to a festival suitable to the modern urban civilization. The sacrificial practices of the Tomb-sweeping Festival are gradually intermingled with the urban civilization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Agritainment in Mountain Villages as Urban Consumption Space WU Xu 2015, 47 (6):  47-52.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.005 Abstract ( 381 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (575KB) ( 1148 )   Save Current urban consumption space is not limited to the city border but has extended to rural areas. The emergence of original ecological consumption concept has pushed urban consumers to enter a larger consumption space from restaurants located in cities and suburbs to some remote mountain villages, where the space construction of agritainment for urban consumption has been started. Based on the fieldwork in southwest Hubei, this study demonstrates that the space construction in mountain villages has involved material, mental and social dimensions identified by Lefebvre and many local elements such as food, landscapes, plants, animals, residents, buildings, history, and culture as well. All the main features of capitalist space such as homogenization, hierarchization and fragmentation have appeared in agritainment business in mountain villages. Related Articles | Metrics

历史

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The New Development of Neo-Confucianism: On the Compilation of Jinsi Record and Its Internal Logic LU Xin-Sheng 2015, 47 (6):  53-62.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.006 Abstract ( 415 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (873KB) ( 1438 )   Save Comprised of 622 quotations from four Confucian scholars, i.e., ZHOU Dun-yi, ZHANG Zai, CHENG Hao and CHENG Yi (with an exception from SHAO Yong) selected and edited by famous Confucians ZHU Xi and LV Zu-qian in the south Song dynasty, Jinsi Record is an important work in the history of Confucianism. Ignoring the divergences between ZHOU Dun-yi, SHAO Yong and ZHANG Zai on the one hand CHENG Brothers on the other, ZHU and LV focused on their similarities and put them together. However, ZHU and LV obviously emphasized “investigating things” to “extend knowledge”. Thus, Jinsi Record marks the turning point of Neo-Confucianism from its emphasis on the “knowledge of morality” to that on the “knowledge of seeing and hearing”. The logic inherent in the comprehensive and thoughtful compilation of Jinsi Record also reflects ZHU Xi’s own ideas and insights. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Normality and Extraordinariness of the Promotion of Scholar-bureaucrats in Turbulent Times: A Case Study of the Friendship of ZHU ZU-Mou and DI Yu during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China QIU Chen-Jiang 2015, 47 (6):  63-69.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.007 Abstract ( 395 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (887KB) ( 1067 )   Save Although ZHU Zu-mou is one of the four most famous poets of ci poetry in the late Qing dynasty, his early life remains vague in many aspects. By studying the newly discovered texts, this paper examines the life of ZHU’s friend DI Yu and gives a brief account of their circle of friends of poem and essay. This is significant for the research of ZHU Zu-mou and his ci poetry. Taking their friendship for decades in the late Qing Dynasty as an example, this paper also discusses the normality and extraordinariness of the promotion of scholar-bureaucrats in turbulent times, as well as the complicated relationship between an individual and his destiny. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Rural Cadres’ Counteractions in the Age of Collectivization: Centering on Shuangkou Village in Pingyao County, Shanxi Province MA Wei-Qiang,DENG Hong-Qin 2015, 47 (6):  70-77.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.008 Abstract ( 429 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (680KB) ( 835 )   Save In the age of collectivization, the state advocated and emphasized the ideological construction of socialism and its active practice in the social operation. However, what played an important role in rural public administration and social relations is not modern administration system of bureaucracy but rural traditional economic rationality, human relationship, and life logic emphasizing affection instead of principle. Examining the counteractions of rural cadres, this paper shows that they were in higher social status with more political and social resources. They not only represented the authority of the state, but also utilized it. The grass roots in the lower class were dominated by higher class so that they made efforts to seek asylum from cadres. The operation of public affairs in a village and the internal administration of cadres was in a chaotic state to some extent. The CPC’s socialist ideas and the authority of the state were challenged and weakened by the rural life and survival logic. Related Articles | Metrics

传媒文化研究

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Progress and Constraints in the Exploration of the Modernity of China’s TV Compere Communication from 1993 to 2003 YU Chun 2015, 47 (6):  78-81.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.009 Abstract ( 373 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (461KB) ( 1187 )   Save In spite of its significant progress in the innovation and exploration of modernity from 1993 to 2003, China’s TV compere communication has met a series of challenges, such as the structural constraint of media supervision, the impact of new media, the paradox of audience ratings and the bottleneck of compere workforce. In order to solve these challenges, we must probe on the following issues: how to promote the “three-combination” of official opinion, public opinion and media opinion in media supervision based on reality; how to enhance the coordinated development of television and new media; how to balance the quantitative and qualitative evaluation; how to improve the expertise and professionalism of comperes; and how to implement the laws. Related Articles | Metrics

法国哲学研究

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The resemblance or the representation?--A research for getting out of the classical disposition of "cogito" TANG Ming-Jie 2015, 47 (6):  82-88.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.010 Abstract ( 535 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (601KB) ( 824 )   Save Foucault's The ordre of things is usually considered as a structuralism work, because it profoundly denied the dominant fundament of cogito Cartesian. Through the investigation and the comparison of two periods of the Renaissance and the classic, considering the different roles of cogito in the tension between words and things, the critique foucauldian does not aim to deny the cognitive subject, but to reveal the space of experience constituted in the level of cogito, which is mixed with the representation and the thing. This space loses not only the variety of the world but also the complicity of man. In the classical period, it reflects neither man nor world, but a utopian of language, it’s an inheritance and lost of the resemblance. And to get out of this disposition, we must carry out a kind of "askêsis" style of "cogito". Related Articles | Metrics

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Freedom is For-Itself——A Ignored Perspective of Sartre’s Phenomenological Ontology QU Ming-Zhen 2015, 47 (6):  89-97.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.011 Abstract ( 619 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (531KB) ( 1066 )   Save In Being and Nothingness, Sartre returned to the problem of ontology by the way of phenomenology, which is about being. He considered that the problem of being did not mean ‘being is being’, which was the basical and esscencial being of all the beings ,but it was ‘ the being of the appearance’, which was the existent way of the phenomenon and how it appeared. That is his special phenomenology. Sartre’s phenomenological ontology is deferent from the traditional one, because it is both phenomenological and ontological, which is the ontology as phenomenology. Sartre difererated two types of being in the phenomenological transform of traditional ontology, namely, the in-itself and for-itself. The in-itself is ‘being what it is’, while the for-itself is ‘being what it is not and not being what it is’. There is the significance or ability of nihilation in the ontological structure of the for-itself , which can make the being what it is to be the being what it is not, or the being what it is not to be the being what it is, and it comes from the original conscious as ‘nothingness’. The original conscious as ‘nothingness’ is the foundation that makes the for-itself pretence to self and the internal negation possible, and it can make the in-itself revealed and make two independent regions between the in-itself and for-itself can communicate. Above all ,it is the ontological source of the absolute freedom of the for-itself. Related Articles | Metrics

中国哲学与文化

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Thinking Through Misfortune：Luck，Happiness and Morality in a Comparative View SONG Jian 2015, 47 (6):  98-105.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.012 Abstract ( 428 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (724KB) ( 894 )   Save "Gentleman in misfortune can still stick ambition", not only depict the moral situation in ("destiny" or "fortune"), more standardized moral character. Confucian and Kant ethics have deeply "moral" meaning, depending on the ethics of responsibility and purpose rather than seek a means of happiness; but the difference between the two is that: For the purposes of luck, Kant pursue the inevitability of morality, respectively, from the reality and ideal two levels kill luck; Then Confucianism will be condensed into the sense of doom, and thus constitute a force of moral practice. On happy terms, Kant alienation in the real level of happiness, only placed the "ethics and good fortune are consistent” in the postulate being of "immortality of the soul" and "the existence of God". But Confucian experience the same recognition as the world's happiness has its chance, but " ethics and good fortune are consistent "is not necessarily just an abstract mysterious talk. It can realize concretely in the realm life of" helping achieve oneself, others, and everything in the world". Related Articles | Metrics

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The Intellectual Virtue and Theory of Knowledge in Four Chapters of Guanzi SHANG Jian-Fei 2015, 47 (6):  106-111.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.013 Abstract ( 421 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (494KB) ( 769 )   Save In terms of its theoretical significance, Four Chapters of Guanzi's virtue theory relieved the tension between metaphysics position and common sense, which means living consistent with Dao, should face challenges from physiological needs and emotional experience. Secondly, cognitive function of Xin and principle of Jing-Yin showed that human being could dominate the evolution of the universe. Furthermore, Four Chapters of Guanzi paid more attention to Yin, because it not only contributed to understanding Dao and the mature of universe, but also integrated ordinary language and discourse about Dao as a whole. Related Articles | Metrics

国家与社会治理研究

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The realization of political responsibility in contemporary China QIU Shi,ZHAO Hui 2015, 47 (6):  112-116.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.014 Abstract ( 371 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (158KB) ( 606 )   Save Political responsibility is an important part of political development in contemporary China and which is related to the realization of the modernization of governance. We can divided political responsibility into paths of concrete and abstract through analysis of the connotation of the political responsibility. Concrete path mainly includes the representative system, supervision system such as real political system and abstract path mainly covers the construction of the rule of law and moral norms construction. At the same time, in contemporary China, on the basis of the actual situation and the development situation of history to construct scientific and reasonable political responsibility evaluation standard. Then, formation a complete political responsibility implementation path. Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of regional disparities in level 1-4 disabled migrant workers’ one-time claim level in China YU Fei-Yue,WU Ya-Wei 2015, 47 (6):  117-128.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.015 Abstract ( 455 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (2312KB) ( 954 )   Save According to the two main functions of work-related injury insurance，which are compensating the labor losses and guaranteeing basic life，the standard of reasonable benefit has been discussed. Taking 15 years old, 50 years old, 35 years of age as 3 injury age to compensate the labor losses and guaranteeing basic life were used to count and compare the level 1-4 disabled migrant workers’ one-time work-related Injury Insurance benefit level. Take level 1 disability as an example. The one-time payment could not compensate the labor losses in all regions and could not guarantee the basic cost of living allowances in 63% regions at the age of 16.The one-time payment could not compensate the labor losses in all regions and only 22% areas could not guarantee the basic cost of living allowances at the age of 35. At the age of 50，all regions could guarantee the basic cost of living allowances，but 22% areas could not compensate the labor losses .This fully illustrated that China's level 1-4 disabled migrant workers’ one-time work-related Injury Insurance payment standard is too low. It is difficult to effectively protect injured migrant workers ' basic rights. Related Articles | Metrics

经济金融

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Technology Gap, Convergence of Economic Growth: Empirical Test Based on Provincial Panel Data DONG Zhi-Qing,SONG Wei,ZHAO Jing 2015, 47 (6):  129-139.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.016 Abstract ( 319 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (861KB) ( 1036 )   Save Introduce the technology gap to endogenous technology growth model, and with our country region in panel data of 1997-2013, to examine the relationship of the technology gap, economic growth and economic convergence. The results show that: (1) Technological progress shows inverted V-shaped direction and area’s feature is outstanding, the technology gap and economic growth exists nonlinear relation, and the threshold effect is remarkable. Among these, the eastern region is generally located in the left of the threshold and the central and western regions are in the right. (2) The macro economics and regional economics behave the convergence and club convergence respectively, and the eastern average annual convergence speeds faster than the western region’s, and the technical gap increase will hinder technological progress and growth. Therefore, areas of our country should pinpoint their technology level and economic level, and select technology which corresponding their resources endowment; the minority of developed eastern areas which has across the threshold of the technology gap should pay more attention to independent innovation; and adjust the structure of human capital in order to fit physical capital accumulation, economic development level and the level of technology introduction, guide human capital from the eastern developed regions to central and western regions, strengthen basic education and construct multi-level education system, guarantee the long-term effectiveness and multi levels of human capital, training professional experts in order to solve the imbalance between supply and demand. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Happiness Effect of Education: Trend, Strength, Speed and Span FU Hong-Chun,HUANG Zhi-Hua 2015, 47 (6):  140-147.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.017 Abstract ( 427 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (573KB) ( 830 )   Save It is widely recognized that happiness is the ultimate purpose of all human activities. Does education as an important activity of human society have any effect on happiness? If it does, what is the strength, speed, breadth of education’s effect on happiness? Addressing these questions at both micro- and macro-scales require a thorough understanding of this complex issue. At a micro-level, how can we determine the happiness effect of education as specific as a particular behavior of an individual’s education (educational activities, investment in education, etc.): Is there any effect? If there is, is it negative, positive, or both? If both negative and positive effects exist, which is stronger and grows faster - the negative or positive effect? If extended to the macro-perspective of the whole society, the measure of educational effects on happiness will be even more complicated. Through examining the history of the entire social development of mankind, we can learn that education has had positive effect on happiness (more specifically, positive effect is strong and long while negative effect is weak and short). This is what shall be kept in mind in the pursuit of achieving the “China Dream” today. Related Articles | Metrics

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Economic Research and the Reform & Development of Chinese Economy: an Analysis Based on Bibliometrics YE De-Lei 2015, 47 (6):  148-154.  doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.018 Abstract ( 379 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (691KB) ( 731 )   Save As a representative academic journal in China’s economic theory circles, papers published in “Economic Research Journal” reflects China's social as well as economic development and reform and opening up process to a large extent, meanwhile they also reflect the development and change of Chinese Economy’s research priorities, research methods and research styles. Using bibliometrics methods and taking “Economic Research Journal” as the studying object in the period of 1978 to 2010, this paper chooses the high frequency words and key words which appear in the papers of this journal as retrieval words by making use of CNKI, to find certain characteristics of these papers in the journal published in different history period, and then interpret and analyze them in combination with the changes of Chinese social economic environment. Related Articles | Metrics

Abstracts and Keywords of Major Articles

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Abstracts and Keywords of Major Articles LIU Liang-Jian 2015, 47 (6):  164-169.  Abstract ( 204 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (227KB) ( 604 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics