Abstract: It is urgent for the theoretical construction of Marxism in Contemporary China to move from the “logic of a spectator” to the “logic of action” so as to implement the idea of “practice” thoroughly. Ludwig von Mises' transcendentalist verification approach to “praxeology” based on his criticism of Weber's sociology has greatly promoted the scientific form of the “logic of action”, providing significant reference for us to re-understand Marxist “theory of surplus value” and thus construct the “logic of action” in Marxist philosophy. However, Mises' construction of the “logic of action” is not successful. His failure is shown in his misunderstanding of “socialism”and his confusion about “historical” issues. How to demonstrate the theoretical significance of Marxist philosophy in the interaction and competition with modern Western sociology is significant for the promotion of deep sinicization of Marxist philosophy today.

Key words: logic of a spectator, logic of action, Mises, Weber, Marx