To construct a new-type harmonious relationship between labor and capital is the most essential and central problem that has to be urgently solved in private enterprises, which is of importance to the healthy development of private enterprises and harmony of whole society.The primary contradictions and problems existing in the current private-economic labor-capital relationship consist of lower labor payment, not guaranteed laborers' rights and benefits, and insufficient social security.The basic guiding principles of constructing a new private-economic labor-capital harmonious relationship include: the unity of opposites between "harmony but not the sameness"and"not the sameness but harmony", taking people the first and giving preferential treatment to labors, and benefiting both labor and capital sides.The key measures to be taken include: to improve work contracts and increase the rate of signing agreements, to respect labors' equal rights and maintain their status' equality, and the like.