The fellow society (an organization of people from the same birth place) was an important non-governmental organization in modern Shanghai. Under the circumstance of government imbecility, the fellow society played important roles in social control, conflict harmonization and interest protection in modern Shanghai's administration of non-native migrating population. Its activities not only helped to conduct normal immigration and emigration of alien population, but also to strengthen alien population's fusion, thus promoting modern Shanghai's urbanization. It is still a considerable issue to fully exert positive functions of non-governmental organizations in current Shanghai's management of alien population.