Content of 中国近代史研究 in our journal

Published in last 1 year |  In last 2 years |  In last 3 years |  All Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks Toggle Thumbnails Select Moulding the Image of the Party-nation: The Movie Education Movement in Zhejiang Province in 1930s FENG Xiao-cai Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2013, 45 (5): 77-84.   Abstract （900）   HTML （11）    PDF （785KB）（1655）       Knowledge map    Since their introduction into China, movies have been closely related to political propaganda. When the Nanjing National Government was founded in 1927, movies were taken as a shortcut technological method to mould the image of the party-nation effectively and provide discipline education for the common people. Since the early 1930s, the authorities of the Nanjing Government had promoted the Movie Education Movement with great efforts. Hangzhou was an important center. Hangzhou Affiliate of China’s Association of Movie Education and Zhejiang Education Department jointly organized mobile movie projection teams, who went deep into towns and countries in the whole province to show movies. Movies became an important medium that made the common people know about “the image of the party-nation”. People could also come close to movies as modern invention. Obviously, both the choice of movies and the promotion of projection were closely connected with Nanjing Government’s purpose of “moulding the image of the party-nation”. However, this propaganda of the party-nation was paradoxical, and the mass education that skimmed over the surface had no practical effect in fact. Related Articles | Metrics Select Continuation and Transformation: China Welfare Institute in the Early Days of New China XU Feng-hua Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2013, 45 (5): 85-97.   Abstract （809）   HTML （12）    PDF （567KB）（1308）       Knowledge map    In August 1950, with Zhou Englai’s support, Soong Ching Ling reorganized China Welfare Foundation and transformed it into China Welfare Institute, whose funds source was also changed from collected donations to financial grants from the government. Correspondingly, its function has been continued and meanwhile transformed: looking after women and children and the external promotion became its key points. With such an established role orientation, it was transformed from a non-government institution to an organization of people in the early days of new China. Its continuation is due to its social function and its contribution to the career of the Communist Party of China, and more importantly, due to Soong Ching Ling’s special status and her political influence. This practice of fitting a non-governmental organization into the national governmental political system weakens the original vigor of the non-governmental organization, reduces its effective social cushion space and increases the stress and financial burden of the governmental departments. Related Articles | Metrics Select Kojève and China: An Interpretation of Kojève’s Comments on Liang Qichao’s The Concept of Law and the Theories of in the Pre-Qin Period XIAO Qi Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2013, 45 (5): 98-105.   Abstract （1014）   HTML （11）    PDF （473KB）（1837）       Knowledge map    This paper tries to interpret Alexandria Kojève’s view of China according to his unpublished book review written in 1927. In this review, Kojève denies Liang Qichao’s idea expressed in his History of Political Thought in the Pre-Qin Period that legalism is similar to Western theories of law. Kojève believes that the relation between Legalism and the Confucianism is merely that between a practical politics and a theoretical philosophy, and China and the Western world belong to two completely different worlds. In fact, the deeper reasons of Kojève’s belief of the particularity of Chinese culture can be found in his consideration of the particularity of the Russian road of development in 1920s. In his reflection on cultural universality and cultural particularity, Chinese culture obviously becomes a strong defense for the particular road in Russia. What’s interesting is that in all his life, Kojève has experienced intellectual transformation from the East to the West and again to the East, which is always accompanied by an attention to China or the East. Related Articles | Metrics Select Cosmopolitanism, the Debate of the Civilized and the Uncivilized, and their Variations in Modern Times XU Ji-Lin Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (6): 66-75.   Abstract （1676）   HTML （11）    PDF （1696KB）（2415）       Knowledge map    In the historical process of nation construction in modern China, the traditional Chinese cosmopolitanism and the debate of the civilized and the uncivilized, as historical thinking frames, still dominated Chinese thinkers in modern times. However, under the impact of the West, they had their modern variations. Cosmopolitanism, which considers Chinese civilization as the core, has been transformed to a theory of civilization which regards the West as the center. The debate of the civilized and the uncivilized, which is characterized by cultural sinocentrism, has been dissimilated as racism based on social Darwinism. Between the extreme cosmopolitanism and the extreme nationalism, there are temperate cultural nationalism and neo--cosmopolitanism. The complicated interaction and cross inlaying among them have had profound influence on the nation--state recognition in modern China. Related Articles | Metrics Select The Response of the Historian Circle in the Republic of China to Overseas Sinology LI Xiao-Qian Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (6): 76-83.   Abstract （1364）   HTML （10）    PDF （1690KB）（1478）       Knowledge map    Since the 20th century, scholars in European countries, the United States, and Japan have studied Chinese history and culture. Due to their scientific method, the discovery and use of new historical materials and the application of many languages, there was rapid progress in overseas Sinology, which virtually brought Chinese historians enormous pressure. HU Shi, CHEN Yuan, CHEN Yin--ke, FU Si--nian and other Chinese scholars took painstaking efforts to awaken nationalism, trying to recapture the center of Sinology back to China and to transform what was originally negative burden into a positive power, which to some extent made a prosperous aspect in the historian circle in the Republic of China. The development of historiography in the Republic of China, especially the fields such as ancient Chinese history, history of sino--foreign communication, history of the Mongolian Yuan were all affected by overseas Sinology. At that time, though the domestic academic circle was filled with an atmosphere of competing with Sinology, they in general held a cautious and rational attitude towards it, neither blindly praised nor totally denied it. However, the mainstream of the academic circle repeatedly advocated learning from overseas Sinology, which had after all objectively encouraged the abuse of foreign assistance and blind belief in foreign studies. This bad practice has not been changed till now. On the contrary, it becomes even worse, which can be the biggest challenge to the Chinese historian circle. Related Articles | Metrics Select Treaty System: The Late Qing Dynasty Reconstructed by the West YANG Guo-Qiang Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (3): 1-13.   Abstract （1225）   HTML （5）    PDF （1875KB）（1619）       Knowledge map    Since the 1850s, communication between China and the West had been essentially a process in which the West regulated and consequently reconstructed China through treaties, which embodied the interests, rights, wills and rules of the West. In this process, China, which originally had no tradition of treaties to cultivate its awareness or knowledge of treaties, was gradually pulled into a world order established by the West and deeply changed in a passive way. Related Articles | Metrics Select Li Hongzhang’s “Unwilling Abandonment of Filial Piety for the Sake of Bussiness” and the Hidden Schemes of the “Clean Stream Party”: Study of the Correspondences between Zhang Peilun and Li Hongzhang JIANG Ming Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (3): 14-22.   Abstract （1408）   HTML （4）    PDF （1738KB）（1693）       Knowledge map    Based on some historical documents revealed for the first time, this paper displays the complicated political situation in the early period of the reign of Guan Xu in the Qing Dynasty by revealing the secret intercourse, mutual support and strife between Li Hongzhang and Zhang Peilun, an important figure in the “clean stream party.” Communication between the Grand Councilor Li Hongzao and the Minister of Foreign Affairs in North China Li Hongzhang, the hidden schemes made by Zhang Peilun and Li Hongzao for Li Hongzhang’s “Unwilling Abandonment of Filial Piety” after his dismissal due to the bereavement of his mother, secret countermeasures undertaken by the Qing government to deal with the Korean Imo Incident, policy toward Japan made by the “clean stream party” and the attitude of Li Hongzhangall of these demonstrate that the political complexity in the late Qing Dynasty is beyond our imagination. Related Articles | Metrics Select Yu Lianyuan: From an “Impartial and Incorruptible Censor” to a “Capable Specialist in Foreign Affairs”: A Casestudy Concerning Shanghai Road DAI Hai-Bin Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (3): 23-30.   Abstract （1253）   HTML （4）    PDF （1795KB）（1652）       Knowledge map    Yu Lianyuan was primarily an official who rose to power through traditional education and the imperial examination system. Serving in the capital for thirty years, he lacked knowledge of foreign affairs. He had been honored as an “impartial and incorruptible Censor” because of his fierce inquisition and hard lined criticism of dignitaries and their foreign dealings. However, since he started working in the provinces, particularly on Shanghai Road, his image as a member of the “clean stream party” gradually changed in the process due to unavoidable frequent contact with foreigners. Practical and openminded, he became famous as a capable specialist in foreign affairs, wellknown mostly for his active role in contracting the treaties of “mutual defense in southeast China.” Yu’s transformation is significant insofar as it enables us to understand the becoming of the officials, who were in charge of foreign affairs during the late Qing Dynasty. Related Articles | Metrics Select Pursuing the Intellectual Foundation of a Modern State: The Discourse of “the People’s State” in the Late Qing Dynasty PEI Zi-Yu Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (3): 31-37.   Abstract （1324）   HTML （6）    PDF （1743KB）（1987）       Knowledge map    There were two kinds of ways to imagine the modern state for the sake of statebuilding during the late Qing Dynasty. One was the familiar notion of the “nationstate” (min zu guo jia), that is, “One Nation, One State.” The other was the often neglected notion of “the people’s state” (guo min guo jia), which advocated the sovereignty of the people, and emphasized the direct and immediate relationship between state and citizen and equal rights and duties for the individual. Insofar as the traditional bonds between the cosmic order and the political order were severed through it, the people’s state was a modern idea. However, due to external pressures and internal crisis, the discourse concerning “the people’s state” was often replaced either with a more radical version of nationalism (racialism) or with a reformist version in which the individual was swallowed up by an organismic state and collective people. The discourse concerning “the people’s state” is still significant nowadays in reminding us that the individual should be relocated in a proper place in a modern state and given equal rights and duties. Related Articles | Metrics Select The Development Space of Mass Organizations and Its Limitation in the Late Qing Dynasty  ——A Focus on Shanghai FANG Ping Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2011, 43 (5): 63-71.   Abstract （1235）   HTML （2）    PDF （1642KB）（1733）       Knowledge map    In the last decade of the Qing Dynasty there emerged various newstyle social organizations in Shanghai with a general elevation of social members’ “sociable” consciousness.These mass organizations had their different missions, but they tended to “maintain public good” and organized varied activities to develop their own ideas and influences. Consequently, they expanded the urban public life and effected reorganizations of local society. Owing to some subjective and objective factors, these nongovernment social organizations were limited in their development space. Related Articles | Metrics Select The School, Student and Modern Concept of State during the Period before and after the Revolution of 1911 QU Jun Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2011, 43 (5): 72-79.   Abstract （1266）   HTML （3）    PDF （1639KB）（1785）       Knowledge map    The modern concept of state is one of the most important concepts in the process of China to its modernization. Before and after the revolution of 1911, a new school system with a combination of newspapers and public opinions provided popularity of such a concept of with a strong support. Students in this process produced their admirations of some famous scholars in the late Qing Dynasty, and also developed a form of "foreign and Chinese debate" so as to affect their ideas in comparison. Thus, students' life world, knowledge world and even feeling world had significant changes during the period before and after the revolution of 1911. Related Articles | Metrics Select Between Imperial Subject and Republican Citizen  ——A Focus on the Emperor’s Birthday in the 1900s in China XIAO Ye-Si-Shi-Lang Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2011, 43 (5): 80-86.   Abstract （1527）   HTML （2）    PDF （1648KB）（1694）       Knowledge map    Recently, there are a lot of researches on the national day ceremony of the Republic of China. But before the 1911 revolution, China already had a kind of culture of celebrating a memorial day. After the 1900 Boxer Movement, the Qing Dynasty started a political reform, and at that time introduced the Western new political culture according to which all the subject should raise national flags and celebrate the Emperor’s Birthday. On the other hand, Liang Qichao introduced the French Bastille Day and the American Independence Day to China in his article in 1901. Thus, in the 1900s China, it was already popular for the Reformists and Revolutionaries to celebrate such a memorial day for cultivating people’s patriotism. So, these new political cultures, before constructing the identity of the Republican citizen, were expected to construct a new identity of the Imperial subject. Related Articles | Metrics Select A Study on the Group of Qingliu during the Period of the SinoRussian Yili Negotiations TANG Ren-Ze Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2011, 43 (5): 87-94.   Abstract （1059）   HTML （2）    PDF （1635KB）（1630）       Knowledge map    After Chong Hou signed the treaty, the SinoRussian Yili negotiations went through a process in which the Qing authorities strictly punished him, changed its envoy, and revised the treaty. Any policy change was here involved with suggestions coming from the School of Qingliu (literally, clear and upright). However, the group failed to completely meet the epochal needs of tremendous changes and had certain limitations. Related Articles | Metrics Select Yan Fu and the Cultural Transformation of Modern China Huang ke-wu Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2011, 43 (1): 83-89.   Abstract （1524）   HTML （16）    PDF （1801KB）（718）       Knowledge map    This paper takes Yan Fu as an example to investigate the complicated process of cultural transformation in modern China. Yan, who had studied abroad, belonged to the first generation of new intellectuals, but he was also strongly influenced by traditional values and lifestyles, and he displayed certain “anti-enlightenment” features. This paper argues that Yan, influenced by elements of both tradition and modernity, was to a certain extent contradictory and “janus-faced.” Yet he was also consistent in combining his modernizing project with his ultimate concerns that derived from Buddhism and Daoism. This case study indicates that Chinese modernizing intellectuals searched for Western ideas while at the same time they did not completely reject Chinese tradition. Their ideal was to combine the strengths of China and the West in order to establish a China which transcended Western modernity. Related Articles | Metrics Select The Year of Death and Other Facts of Jiang Qizhang, the First Chief Editor of Shen Bao Wu Guo-yi Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2011, 43 (1): 90-94.   Abstract （1298）   HTML （12）    PDF （1784KB）（492）       Knowledge map    As the first chief editor of Shen Bao, Jiang Qizhang’s year of death remains unclear. New evidence has shed light on this issue: he died on 13, February, 1892 at the age of 50. In addition, this article also reveals some new findings of his life when serving as the think tank of the governor of Shandong Province. Related Articles | Metrics Select On the Historical Changes of Gentry’s Right in the Late Qing Dynasty Yang Guo-qiang Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2011, 43 (1): 95-102.   Abstract （1550）   HTML （14）    PDF （1853KB）（417）       Knowledge map    In the early Qing Dynasty, the gentry’s right was suppressed. In the following 200 years, the gentries in their hometown were adapted to the norms of state power, thus most of them can not arouse trouble among the local people. After the Taiping Movement started from Southeast China, in order to defend the territory, the local officials had to recruit soldiers and raise their provisions. All these things had to be done by the gentries, inevitably it brought about the rising of gentry’s right with the help of state power. In the following 50 years, the newly increased right of the gentries on the one hand cooperated with the government, on the other hand confronted with the government. With the pouring of Western Study trend and changing of traditional society, the old term of gentry’s right got its new significance. Related Articles | Metrics Select Imperial Examination System, the GongMing concept and Society of Knowledge People in Near-Modern China Shen jie Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2011, 43 (1): 103-112.   Abstract （1839）   HTML （10）    PDF （1815KB）（547）       Knowledge map    The Imperial Examination System was the most important approach to Identity, Fortune and Prospect for the intellectuals in the history of traditional China. The GongMing concept dominated the fate of the intellectuals and derived its effect to the entire community, which turned into a kind of collective unconsciousness. The GongMing concept had a broad impact even after 1905 when the Imperial Examination System was abolished. For this reason, the Imperial Government developed the system of awarding degrees, which guaranteed the continuation of the incentive economy. The GongMing concept had a lasting influence in the Times of the Republic of China. Based on the diversification of the GongMing concept, this paper analyses the multiple aspect of Society of Knowledge People in Near-Modern China and its long-standing affect. By means of depicting the vicissitude of the GongMing concept, the paper goes on to explain the complex history of knowledge transition and the dilemma of institutional change in modern China. Related Articles | Metrics