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    25 April 2003, Volume 35 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Presupposition and Validity of Inference.
    Mian FENG
    2003, 35 (4):  52-57.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.009
    Abstract ( 46 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (652KB) ( 3 )   Save

    All premises of an inference can be regarded as presuppositions of the inference. Inferences in daily life tend to be expressed in omitted forms, where some premises are not explicitly given. Accordingly, it is very important to analyze presuppositions in an all - round way. This paper also explores some rules of inference in classical logic and modal logic, and discusses the validity of these rules of inference in daily life.

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    Tense and Aspect in Chinese: A Case Study of the Word "le" and Its English Translations
    Wen-guo PAN
    2003, 35 (4):  62-69.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.011
    Abstract ( 37 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (988KB) ( 6 )   Save

    This paper adopts a Chinese - English contrastive method for a study of Chinese grammar. To examine whether there is tense and aspect in Chinese, it selects 14 essays from 11 most influential Chinese writers and makes an exhaustive study of all the words of "le" which appear in them and their various expressions in English translations. It thus provides some purely objective and therefore useful figures for a further study of the topic. This paper also makes a few suggestions concerning a methodology for studying Chinese grammar.

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    A Study of the Book of Songs Quoted in the Chu Bamboo Scripts
    Ping WANG
    2003, 35 (4):  72-78.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.013
    Abstract ( 40 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (822KB) ( 4 )   Save

    The Shanghai Museum published recently its collections on the Chu bamboo scripts in the Period of Waning States", among which is the Li Ji: Ziyi (a part of the Book of Rites), one of Confucian classics. Some related parts of the Shi Jing (Book of Songs) cited in the Li Ji are preserved as well. Through a comparison between the unearthed and historical literature, this paper examines some different characters of the Book of Songs quoted in the literature.

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    Literary Imaginations in Novels on Agricultural Cooperation between 1950's and 1970's
    Guo-jing DU
    2003, 35 (4):  82-88.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.015
    Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 2 )   Save

    Those literary imaginations in novels on China's agricultural cooperation between 1950's and 1970's had an obviously illusory nature. They originated from thinking principles of ideology to reality, but neglected the commitment of the cooperative movement to change rural economical and material life. As a result, the serious logic of life was completely taken place by ideological illusions, which had their special forms and structures in novels and represented an ideological experience improved by imagination. This leads to an evaluation problem concerning the illusion of such a literary imagination. On the other hand, the reading context of novels on agricultural cooperation has not yet gone beyond the limit of ideology. If we point out that what this kind of novels pursues is a "false consciousness", we do not mean that there is an objective "true consciousness". Therefore, the evaluation of novels on the 1950's -1970's agricultural cooperative movements should not depend on "true" or "false", but should be based on how close to reality they are.

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    A Comparative Study of Shanghai and Tokyo Population Changes
    Gui-xin WANG
    2003, 35 (4):  105-114.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.018
    Abstract ( 58 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1104KB) ( 2 )   Save

    This paper is a systematical and comparative study of population in Shanghai and Tokyo, each as a metropolis, concerning their basic characteristics, regulations, similarities and differences since 1950's. It focuses on population transition, migration, scale increase and distribution change. It sums up Tokyo's experience in its population and development, pointing out a gap between Shanghai and Tokyo and some problems existing in Shanghai's efforts to be an international metropolis.

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    My View of the Compiling Style of History of the Qing Dynasty
    Xuezhao LIU
    2003, 35 (4):  1-9.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.001
    Abstract ( 1208 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1103KB) ( 38 )   Save

    History of the Qing Dynasty which is being compiled is a national project of sorting out and preserving historical resources of the Qing, for the purpose of handing on the national history of the whole Qing Dynasty from generation to generation. As to the "historic significance", the historigraphical thought, of "one guiding principle and many elements" should be carried out. As to the "historical writing form", the biographical style used commonly in previous official history books should be adopted and improved in the sense of modernity. As to the "historical compilation", the writing technique of stressing narration with moderate analyses and comments should be used. As to the mode of thinking, the confidence in the contemporary " spirit of history - maker" should be set up, getting rid of doubts and fears caused by the monotonous and one - dimensional mode of thinking, and striving to do a fresh edition of records, chronicles, tables, biographies and pictures. We should pay great attention to the basic data work, organize tackling key scientific problems, and make some important academic innovations, thus realizing a great transcendence of the Manuscripts of History of the Qing Dynasty in the whole quality and linking up with the Twenty - four Histories.

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    Liang Qichao's Explorations of Modern Legal and Political Systems
    Jun-mei XIE
    2003, 35 (4):  10-15, 27.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.002
    Abstract ( 1414 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (985KB) ( 17 )   Save

    Based on the belief that China's absolute monarchy had to be changed, Liang Qichao proposed to adopt constitutional monarchy in the Hundred - Day Reform of 1898. After its failure he went into exile in Japan. Through his studies of Western and Japanese societies, he concluded that it was then immature to carry out constitutional monarchy since Chinese consciousness of democracy was still quite weak. The only choice was civilized autocracy. As to the official system reform, he advocated the Western examination system for selection of officials. He argued that social grassroots units should be autonomous with their administrators elected through voting, and administrative divisions should be reduced so as to strengthen centralization. He also stressed that the rule by law and rule by men should be in coordination with each other and even suggested that the judicial system be amended to two trials in three levels. Liang's thoughts of political and legal systems represented his reflections on the complicated political situation in modern China as well as his explorations of the possibility of China's political reform. It is of great significance both in theory and in practice today.

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    A Tentative Study of the Shaping of New Country - gentleman Class in the Period of Republic of China
    Ju-lan LI
    2003, 35 (4):  16-21.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.003
    Abstract ( 1483 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (917KB) ( 21 )   Save

    The new class of country - gentleman, a new stratum in rural China, resulted from the building of local governments carried out by the Kuomintang regime in the period of Republic of China. The new class, which adhered to and served the KMT regime, was a real dominator in the rural area and a basis of the KMT's regime in the country, but also impeded rural reforms.

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    A Consideration of the Diplomatic Dilemma of the Late Qmg Dynasty from Its Treatment of the Guiyang Court Case
    Fei WEI
    2003, 35 (4):  22-27.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.004
    Abstract ( 1251 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (903KB) ( 38 )   Save

    The Guiyang court case resulting from foreign missionaries was the first serious of a series of such cases occurring in 1860's. Since Tian Xinshu who instigated the case was a local powerful figure carving out his career by means of suppressing rebellions, and there was an influence of xenophobia within the Qing court, the punishment of Tian faced a policy dilemma. After the "Treaties of Beijing" was signed, such cases took place one after another and resulted in constant negotiations between Chinese and foreign governments, which caused the Qing government's difficult normalization in foreign relations all a-long. Consequently, it failed to make full use of Western powers' cooperative policy that might have led to a diplomatic situation in favor of China.

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    The "Micro - security" and Measures in the Process of Eastern Enlargement of European Union
    Ye YANG
    2003, 35 (4):  28-33, 39.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.005
    Abstract ( 1164 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (834KB) ( 40 )   Save

    The trend of a large - scale immigration after the enlargement of EU may cause a great threat of micro - security from the enlarged EU's eastern border. The so - called micro - security means that there is a threat of illegal immigrants and transnational crimes, both of which are connected with transit immigration. The "September 11" terrorist attack has made the micro - security more obvious than ever in Europe. It is also becoming a potential worry in the enlargement of EU. However, it cannot be an obstacle in the process. The EU members are taking a set of measures dealing with illegal immigration to strengthen coordination on border policies and prevent illegal immigration. All these measures will increase the cost of enlargement.

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    Information flegemonism and International Security
    Jian HU
    2003, 35 (4):  34-39.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.006
    Abstract ( 1163 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1021KB) ( 24 )   Save

    After the end of Cold War the unbalance of international politics and economy is more serious. It not only aggravates the division of rich and poor over the world, but also raises a new division which is called "digital divide", thus further regularizing the structure of world powers. And then a fight for information hegemonism becomes a new trend in the Age of Information. Information hegemonism endangers the world peace and stability, and threatens the security of developing countries. Accordingly, it is a common desire of the whole world (especially, developing countries) to fight against information hegemonism and set up a new world information order.

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    Universality and Individuality of the "Original Mind"——A Universalistic Orientation in Xiong Shili's Philosophy
    Mei-hua GUO
    2003, 35 (4):  40-46.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.007
    Abstract ( 1437 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (898KB) ( 27 )   Save

    In Xiong Shili's philosophy real existence is reduced to the "original mind " or "entity". The original mind has two - dimensional meanings: individuality and universality. As to the two dimensions, Xiong's philosophy represents an orientation from highlighting individuality towards emphasizing u-niversality and finally getting into a universalistic position, thus dissolving individuality.

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    A Critique of Zhu Qianzhi's Emotionalism
    Yong FANG
    2003, 35 (4):  47-51, 57.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.008
    Abstract ( 1051 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (817KB) ( 23 )   Save

    Zhu Qianzhi developed a philosophical thought of his own in modern Chinese philosophy, that is, emotionalism. He took irrational emotion as noumenon of our universe and life, and regarded intuition in harmony with emotion as an essential philosophical method. Through his discussions on the relationship between nature and emotion, he put forward his doctrine of good emotion, arguing that emotion, as an irrational element, had a positive significance in ethical values. These ideas play an important role not only in rectifying rational philosophy but also in a comprehensive understanding of individual life.

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    A Study of Numeral and Calendar Characters in the Shuiwen Written Language
    Yuan-lu WANG
    2003, 35 (4):  70-71, 78.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.012
    Abstract ( 1248 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (421KB) ( 28 )   Save

    Shuiwen" is an ancient national written language used by the Shuiwen people in Guizhou Province to write their classic, The Book of Shui. Shuiwen has a great cognitive value to general philology. This is mainly because it is a kind of "assorted - dish written language" which has not only its own characters created by the nation but also some characters borrowed from Chinese characters. Its numeral characters and Heavenly - stem and Earthly - branch characters have some common features as well as their own features. Based on a study of them both, some conclusions can be drawn as follows: the self - source characters in Shuiwen emerge earlier than its borrowing characters; the spread of language tends to experience a remolded course; the borrowing characters tend to have variants.

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    An Analysis of Sun Li's Depth Mentality in His Novel Creation
    Yu-chun LI
    2003, 35 (4):  89-96.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.016
    Abstract ( 1144 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1124KB) ( 21 )   Save

    In his novel creation Sun Li is accustomed to evading contradictions in reality and beautifying real life. Childhood is his potential mental final place for escaping from reality. It can be found from the model of relations between male and female characters in his novels that Sun Li's infatuation of childhood is rooted in a kind of maternity worship hidden in his subconscious mentality, which is also extended to a mother earth cult in his works.

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    Urbanization, Suburbanization and Social Reconstruction: A Case Study of Shanghai Population
    Bao-shu ZHU
    2003, 35 (4):  97-104.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.04.017
    Abstract ( 1323 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (881KB) ( 27 )   Save

    The new towns or rural - urban fringe areas tend to be the regions which are intermixed with various population flows from urban, countryside and other provinces. This can be regarded as one of main characteristics of urbanization and population redistribution in China. The issue of social reconstruction in a suburban area is therefore emerging. This issue contains a wide range of contents such as source of population, household registration, education attainment, and composition of economic activities. In essence, the issue of population and social reconstruction reflects the fact of dual rural - urban structure and the lagging of urbanization level behind economic developments. A variety of problems such as urbanization, suburbanization, and floating population should not be viewed separately. A comprehensive perspective of social reconstruction is very essential in conducting an in - depth study on these problems.

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