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15 March 2016, Volume 48 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Confucian Classics Study as a Way of Life: Reading Collected Posthumous Works of Mr. WU Zhi-ren WANG Fan-Sen 2016, 48 (2):  1-9.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.001 Abstract ( 517 )   HTML ( 307 )   PDF (1874KB) ( 1192 )   Save WU Zhi-ren (Pou-zhong, 1631-1659), also called WU Qian-mu, was an intellectual who lived in Haiyan County during the later Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. In his short life, he devoted himself to practicing a new idea and a new life attitude, that is, “Confucian classics study as a way of life”. In Confucian tradition, which emphasizes practice, there are full of doctrines that guide life world. In spite of the variety of the relationship between Confucian classics study and life world, the existence of an organic relationship is definitely natural. However, under the impact of modern academic ideology, Confucian classics study is normally regarded as an objective study of classics. The ignore of the intimate relationship between Confucian classics and life world makes us fail to understand this important aspect of the intellectual history. Here is the historical significance of studying WU Qian-mu, a local intellectual whose vision and thoughts were relatively narrow: It can provide us an opportunity to examine a grass root intellectual’s activities in a region such as Haiyan when Yangming School was at low tide during the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. Related Articles | Metrics

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New Songs of the Jade Terrace and the Historicist Interpretation of Medieval Chinese Literature TIAN Xiao-Fei 2016, 48 (2):  10-17.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.002 Abstract ( 545 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (2011KB) ( 960 )   Save In the age of Chinese medieval manuscript culture, the title, content, and authorship of a text are highly fluid. Through analyzing poems by Xiao Gang (503-551), Xu Gan (170-217) and Cao Cao (155-220) as preserved in the sixth-century poetic anthologyYutaixinyong(New Songs of the Jade Terrace), this article discusses how the sources of medieval texts negotiate with authorship attribution and textual variants, acting as crucial factors in the writing of literary history. The article calls for a historicist reading of medieval Chinese literature, which requires careful examination of sources as well as close reading of texts, hence averting anachronistic interpretations of medieval literature. Related Articles | Metrics

学术对话

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On the Analytical Paradigm in Ethics: Its Significances, Problems, and Solutions (A Symposium) DENG An-Qing,FENG Ping,WANG Xing-Fu,HAO Zhao-Kuan,WANG Jin-Lin,SUN Xiang-Chen 2016, 48 (2):  18-34.  doi: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.02.003 Abstract ( 456 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (2761KB) ( 975 )   Save The paradigm shifts of ethics not only closely relate to the development direction and goal of human civilization, but also directly associate with the founding principles of philosophy itself. As far as the founding principles are concerned, philosophy has experienced three stages: ontology as the classical form of First Philosophy, epistemology as the modern form, and ethics as the third and contemporary form. However, it is this third form, concerning both philosophy in general and ethics paradigm in particular, that gives rise to some indistinct, profound conundrums that we need to examine. In his “Critique of the Analytical Paradigm in Ethics”, Prof. DENG An-qing systematically criticizes the ethics paradigm characterized by an analytical approach for the first time, forcefully arguing that analytical ethics breaks away with the communicative context of social culture and abandons the ontological foundation of philosophy, and that its mere logical analysis of ethical terms and language must come to be “a self-defeating cause”. This idea has immediately aroused heated debates in the academic circle. Intending to carry out a deep argumentation, this group of theses mainly focus on the following issues: How to understand the relationship between analytical ethics and meta-ethics? How to understand the significances of the analytical paradigm in ethics? How to overcome its limits? How to understand the relationship between ethics and ontology? Obviously, this symposium is significant in urging us to theoretically explore the ethics paradigm’s and even the philosophy paradigm’s relationship to new forms of human civilization. Related Articles | Metrics

道德教育的哲学反思

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Educational Philosophy of East Asian Confucianisms: A Twenty-first Century Perspective HUANG Jun-Jie 2016, 48 (2):  35-45.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.004 Abstract ( 437 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (2231KB) ( 1116 )   Save This article discusses the educational philosophy of Mencius, Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming, and analyzes the nature, aim, theoretical foundation and pedagogical methods of education in East Asian Confucianisms. We also discuss the relevance of Confucian educational philosophy for the 21st century. It is argued that Confucian philosophers defined “education” as the “Learning for Oneself.” The aim of education in the Confucian tradition lay in the “awakening of one’s moral subjectivity.” Confucian philosophers believed that one’s mind-heart was programed with moral values. Therefore, the major task of education was to invoke or awaken the student’s mind-heart. All of the educational ideals of East Asian Confucianisms were put into practice in the private academies since tenth century. To conclude, two messages from Confucian educational philosophy are particularly important for the 21st century. First, the mentor is of paramount importance in every stage of education. Second, a harmonious combination of the “etic” and the “emic” approach in education paves the way from the “transformation of self” to the “transformation of the world.” Related Articles | Metrics

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Mencius’ moral action and the growth of Personality CHEN Zhi-Wei 2016, 48 (2):  46-51.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.005 Abstract ( 475 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1101KB) ( 925 )   Save The motive power of moral action and the growth of Personality are both the important questions in moral philosophy. Mencius considers the sense of compassion (恻隐之心) that is the unmediated, immediateemotional factors as the innate motive power of moral action, and as the initiation of the growth of Personality; Through the theory of practice of Zhiyan and Yangqi (知言养气), Mencius elaborates the progress of the growth of Personality: Zhiyan(知言) is distinguishing good and evil, right and wrong, thus forming the certain belief; Moreover, Yangqi(养气) with the full of morality(集义) as medium affords innate support for the growth of Personality, and through Confucius’ appearance of the saint, Mencius demonstrates the ultimate goal of the theory of moral practice —fulfilling Personality. However, to realize this goal, we must start from the innate emotion Mind of Cannot bear(不忍人之心), and get through the spontaneity of natural instincts of action from RenYi(由仁义行), and fully show innate virtues at external bodies and forms, and make the forms and looks(形色) that are nature of the bodies completelyinternalize the human’s natural instincts, and ascribe all the source of moral action to it, thus accomplish the moral action’s naturalization. That is, by means of “Form Perfect Representation”(践形), the human reaches the saint Personality’s perfection &achievement. Related Articles | Metrics

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On The Moral Education Thinking About Bourdieu’s Reflexive Sociology TANG Ai-Min 2016, 48 (2):  52-57.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.006 Abstract ( 364 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1110KB) ( 1383 )   Save Bourdieu’s “reflexive sociology” is a sociology paradigm that aims to make the subject learn to criticize the society, reflect on the existence of themselves, make reflective chooses and practices. ‘Reflexive sociology’ paradigm includes a strong flavour of moral interest and profound viewpoints of moral education，and the main components of these are: the real purpose of moral education is the formation and development of moral ‘habitus’; the main means of moral education is to dispel and exceed the ‘symbolic violence’; the core resource of moral education is the development and utilization of ‘cultural capital’. These insights are of important reference value for us to think about the essence and strategy of moral education. Related Articles | Metrics

宗教哲学思想研究

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Young Hegel on ‘Jewish Question’ ZHU Xue-Ping 2016, 48 (2):  58-67.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.007 Abstract ( 609 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1666KB) ( 1010 )   Save From late Berne period to Frankfurt period, the philosophical thought of young Hegel gradually shifts its emphasis on Kant and Fichte's philosophy of subject to philosophy of unity under the influence of Schiller. In the context of this transition, to seek the origin of the alienation in the western world, and to find the way of overcoming the alienation, he had a long and persistent study of the spirit and fate of the Jews. During this process, Hegel not only exclusively concludes that Abraham was the real founder of the Jewish spirit, but also applies the philosophy of subject of Kant and Fichte to the interpretation of the origin and essence of Judaism, thus realizes the subjective and humanistic refomation of Judaism. On the other hand, the reception of Schiller's aethetics leads to his negation of the subjective spirit of the Jews, and find out a way to overcome the modern alienation through Greek spirit of love and beauty. Related Articles | Metrics

宗教学研究

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The Relationship and Difference of Dependent Origination Theories in Mqdhyamika-!qstra and Qgama-S[tra YAO Wei-Qun 2016, 48 (2):  68-73.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.008 Abstract ( 384 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1014KB) ( 1352 )   Save Dependent origination theories occupy an important position in different period of Buddhist thought system. There is discourse about the dependent origination theories in the important Mahqyqna Buddhist literature Mqdhyamika-!qstra and also in Qgama-s[tra which keeps many early Buddhist thought.Such theories in the two have many same points or similarities. There are also some differences in their views.To research and analyse the relationship and difference of the two in dependent origination theories has a positive significance for understanding the theoretical change from Mahqyqna Buddhism to H ]nayqna Buddhism ,and the important characteristics of different period of Buddhist thought. Related Articles | Metrics

宗教哲学思想研究

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A New Theory on the Status of the “Three Classifications of Buddha’s Teaching” of Mahayana and the TathagatagarbhaSutras YANG Wei-Zhong 2016, 48 (2):  74-81.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.009 Abstract ( 578 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1668KB) ( 1799 )   Save The Chinese Metaphysical Institute has regarded the “Tathagatagarbha Sutras” as an independent branch, in order to highlight the purity of Vijbanavada. From the sight of this School, that the Madhyamika and Vijbanavada of Mahayana in Indian Buddhism have been reliable. But what they then spread to China—the thought of “the Innate Enlightenment”, was misinformed. So the Tiantai Sect, Huayan School and Zen Buddhism surely compounded the error. The reason why Taixu strongly advocated the theory of the “three classifications of Buddha’s teaching”, was to oppose the proposition of the Chinese Metaphysical Institute, and to set up alegalized reason for the thought of Tathagatagarbha to be inherited and developed in China. However, Yin Shun developed a new style that he approved the judgment of the “three classifications of Buddha’s teaching” of India. But he only accepted Madhyamika and was softly critical of Tathagatagarbha.In fact, Tathagatagarbha sutras or the thought of Tathagatagarbha cannot be seen as an independent system from Madhyamika and Vijbanavada. In order to defend for the deep impact of the thought of Tathagatagarbha on the inwardness ideology of Chinese Buddhism, people didn’t need to establish theories only from the perspective of the “three classifications of Buddha’s teaching”. Under the gradual maturity of Madhyamika, the thought of Tathagatagarbha appeared with the combination of the “original purity of mind” of Hinayana and the Buddha’s view of Mahayana. After the emergence of Vijbanavada, the thought of Tathagatagarbha was gradually absorbed by it, and then lost its independent status. Related Articles | Metrics

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God and Justice: The Issue of Religion in Rawls’ Political Philosophy WANG Jin-Yu 2016, 48 (2):  82-88.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.010 Abstract ( 451 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1306KB) ( 1101 )   Save In his undergraduate thesis, “A Brief Inquiry into the Meaning of Sin and Faith”, John Rawls expressed his faith and understanding of religion as a young man. This thesis also demonstrates the close connection between his political philosophy and Christian ethics. The relationship among “A Brief Inquiry into the Meaning of Sin and Faith”, A theory of Justice and Political Liberalism shows that religion plays an important role in various ways in his political philosophy. Due to his early religious experience, Rawls reframed the traditional theory of social contract to built up a modern theory of justice. After recognizing the liberal neutrality’s failure to cope with religion’s challenge to political loyalty and political solidarity, Rawls put forward political liberalism to treat religion appropriately under the precondition that the fundamental of free constitution is guaranteed. Related Articles | Metrics

历史

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Theory of evolution and Chinese historian’s Mode of thinking LI Xiao-Qian 2016, 48 (2):  89-98.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.011 Abstract ( 350 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (2130KB) ( 1270 )   Save Since the late Qing Dynasty, people’s cognition and understanding of history has undergone an important turning due to the gradual eastward transmission of western learning. In the process of rapid changes in China historians' thoughts and under the influence of the theory of evolution, the historian basic thoughts came into being. Through a variety of channels, such as textbooks, popular books, newspapers, school education, ideological elements associated with the theory of evolution almost spread to every corner, becoming a ubiquitous way of thinking,hidden or significantly interfering with people on the history cognition and behavior choice. Affected by the acceptance and use of this kind of thinking, many of them are out of conscious awareness and more of an unconscious behavior. By the theory of evolution thinking, although popular, the affected people along with the style is vastly different, selectively accepted or opposite to each other, which can hardly come to identity. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Clan Predicament and Northern Crisis of the Ming Dynasty  —— A Case Study of Zhu Chongzhuo Rebellion in Jia Jing’s Reign GU Jin-Chun 2016, 48 (2):  99-105.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.012 Abstract ( 571 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1809KB) ( 1959 )   Save The border guard demoralization and clan predicament were two major border problems in Jia Jing’s Reign. With the decline of land reclamation system and expansion of imperial population, the financial crisis in the mid Ming Dynasty made the shortage of army pay and clan salaries more serious. The border guard demoralization deteriorated the living environment of clan there; conversely, clan predicament also deteriorated the border situation. This presented a vicious circle, which reflected in the Zhu Chongzhuo (Datong Clan) rebellion.The treason and plot by Zhu Chongzhuo would have been successful if that unexpected event did not happen,which it finally trigger the butterfly effect and led to its failure.And this failure reflected the paradox between the clan system’s original blueprint and historical destiny. Related Articles | Metrics

文学

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Western Inspirations: Early Hong Kong Literary Criticism and Foreign Literary Trends CHEN Guo-Qiu 2016, 48 (2):  106-111.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.013 Abstract ( 361 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1424KB) ( 1192 )   Save The first series of the Compendium of Hong Kong Literature covers the period 1919-1949. Many academics cast doubts over this because given the culturally backward and literarily unproductive situation of Hong Kong in the pre-1949 years, finding enough pieces to fill up a literary anthology should be an impossible task. Yet the Compendium editors’ painstaking searches revealed that early Hong Kong literary creative works and other literary narratives exist in abundance. For example, the volume Literary Criticism shows that Hong Kong was a platform where various kinds of literary debates were held; it was also a focal point where foreign trends were imported. Using two concrete examples, this article illustrates that one can observe a silhouette of Hong Kong in the May Forth New Cultural Movement. Moreover, a literary magazine published in Hong Kong in the 1930s demonstrated an extraordinarily broad scope and introduced Western ideas from different places. We can thus see that Hong Kong, as a cultural space, has the ability of cultivating cultural workers who are new and progressive in their political and/or literary thinking. It is also a place where different cultural trends converge and collide. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Presence and Absence of “Guo Min” (Nation)——The Anti-Enlightenment Stance of Zhou Zuoren in the Later Period of Occupation YUAN Yi-Dan 2016, 48 (2):  112-119.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.014 Abstract ( 368 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (1693KB) ( 877 )   Save Being occupied indicated a separation of “min” (people) from “guo” (state). After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, the citizens of the Republic detained in North China were reduced to conquered people overnight. “胜国之民，何言政事，何云国民？” (People of a conquered nation, how could they discuss politics affairs, and how could they assert themselves as a nation?) The concept of “guo min” (nation) happened to serve as the entry point of Zhou Zuoren to deliberate the issues of Chinese thought in the later period of the Japanese occupation. From his two speeches titled “Chinese National Thought” to The Issues of Chinese Thought included in his collections, Zhou Zuoren’s diagnosis of the national thought turned from inward criticism to outward contradiction. The denunciation of the “national character” was in essence a set of enlightenment discourse, and the excavation of the deep-rooted bad habits of the nation by Zhou Zuoren during the “May Fourth” period performed conversely as a stumbling block to his change of thought in the fourties. The “guo — min” (state — people) separated in the real world stayed intact in Zhou Zuoren’s articles, which could be explained by a comeback of the racial revolution in the late Qing Dynasty but also should be attributed to the mere nominal existence of “the Republic of China” in the occupied area. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Tradition and Modernity in Chinese Classical Poetry: A Review of WU Sheng-qing’s Modern Archaics JI Ling-Juan 2016, 48 (2):  120-125.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.015 Abstract ( 444 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1267KB) ( 1684 )   Save This article reviews the new book Modern Archaics by the young scholar Professor Wu Shengqing. The author rethought and re-examined the May-Fourth tradition under which the historical violence brought about with the springing of modernity suppressed and neglected the voices of fighting in the big era. She believed that the refiguring the roles and positions of Chinese classical poetry helped restore the historical context and surpass the literature descriptive system confined by the old May-Fourth tradition. And on the aspect of methodology, she emphasized the reality of historical text, the co-textual relations, as well as the balance between the partial reality of materials and profound perception. The book has deepened the exploration into the tension and argumentative dialogue between classical poetry and modernity; what is more important, it has provided new way of thinking of alternative writing format for the literature history. Related Articles | Metrics

管理研究

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Design of Incentive Mechanism for Implementation of Food Supply Chain Traceability System DAI Yong,TANG Shu-Chuan,YIN Zheng-Yuan 2016, 48 (2):  126-135.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.016 Abstract ( 330 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (4750KB) ( 861 )   Save Frequent food safety problems in recent years require us to construct an efficient food traceability system further, but the construction offood traceability system needs an effective incentive mechanism. The realization of incentive mechanism can be done by introducing responsibility cost function which is defined by traceability degree and traceability precision, and the mechanism has improved the implementation effect of traceability system effectively. The result indicates that the suppliers tend to choose low traceability to escape from responsibilities without pricing strategy. But when the pricing strategy is taken, it does well in improving supply chain traceability and realizing the maximization of the benefit of each member if the value of food is high or the construction cost is low. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cross-border Brand Mergers and Acquisitions of Chinese Firms: A Decision Framework and Recommendations DING Li-Jian,HE Jia-Xun 2016, 48 (2):  136-145.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.017 Abstract ( 416 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1759KB) ( 1184 )   Save Strategies choices before and after cross-border brand M&A of Chinese firms are quite important, because M&A are incidents outside the control of the consumers and employees that may influence their relationship and behavior toward the brands. The choices of strategies play a key role whether brand M&A can achieve the anticipated target. In view of this, it is very important to deeply study the decision-making framework of Chinese firms to implement cross-border brand M&A. It presents the decision-making framework for cross-border brand M&A of Chinese firms, choosing similar or complementary brands; strong or weak brands; international or local brands; using branded house strategy or house of brands strategy; using one brand or keeping both; integration or disintegration, and so on. Cross-border brand M&A by Jinjiang, Lenovo, Haier, Brightfood, Geely and other Chinese companies, provides a useful reference for the Chinese firms. For Chinese firms those will carry out brand transnational M&A, they should choose appropriate target based on their own development strategies, based on internationalization of the brand or access to the international market. At the same time, they should consider to retain the product brand and highlight the corporate brand, and accurately control the degree of integration and speed of integration. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Factors Affecting and the Solution to Improve the Ability of Attracting and Retaining Science and Technology Talents——And the Interaction Between the Ability of Attracting and Retaining Science and Technology Talents and Real Estate Price ZHANG Xi-xi and SUN Miao-chun 2016, 48 (2):  146-153.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.018 Abstract ( 349 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1485KB) ( 716 )   Save To attract and retain science and technology talents is particularly important to the economy development for an area. There are many factors affecting the ability of attracting and retaining science and technology talents. It can be found out which are more closely influential factors by the Grey Correlative Analysis Method. The results show that more attention would be focused on the humanistic and natural environment in the selection of some area to settle down, which is different from traditional views that the economic development plays a crucial role. In addition, the real estate price and the investment of educational and scientific research funds are the factors that deserve attention. Meanwhile, we explored the interaction between the ability of attracting and retaining science and technology talents and real estate price taking Beijing, Tianjin and Xi'an as samples. According to the results, we put forward some measures to effectively improve the ability of attracting and retaining science and technology talents for different regions. Related Articles | Metrics

城市治理研究

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Research on Household Waste Classification and Charge System in Shanghai: Based on the Perspective of Supply and Demand LV Jun,ZHANG Ying 2016, 48 (2):  154-159.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.019 Abstract ( 390 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1165KB) ( 1595 )   Save The household waste in Shanghai has increased dramatically in recent years, which greatly outran the capacity of disposal and has seriously polluted environment, so it is necessary to make efforts to reduce the generation of household wastes. Therefore, social production sectors are classified into four categories and the equilibrium model of supply and demand is developed. Through applying the 2012 data of Shanghai into the equilibrium model, it can be concluded that the unit-based pricing system is more effective than the flat fee system in the city of Shanghai. Moreover, the charge system with waste classification is more effective. As a result, the unit-based pricing system and classification system of household waste should be implemented step by step in Shanghai and be supported by increasing government financial input. Related Articles | Metrics

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Municipal Unions and City Governance in Mid-Twentieth America:Sanitation Crisis in New York City as a Case LI Wen-Shuo 2016, 48 (2):  160-167.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.020 Abstract ( 442 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1554KB) ( 847 )   Save Municipal Unions is an important part of the American Labor organization. During the Mid-Twentieth Century, the scale of municipal unions expanded with its militancy arising. The strike of the Uniformed Sanitationmen’s Association of New York City which erupted in 1968 led to the exacerbation of sanitation problems since 1960s and disrupted urban life. It is noted that strikes of municipal unions frequently occurred during these years which hit cities greatly. Labor unions is an ingredient of capitalism: on the one hand, unions maintain labor interests while on the other hand, strikes disrupt daily life and spoil public order. In general, as an institutionalized power, unions work for the dynamic equilibrium of capitalism. Related Articles | Metrics