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15 May 2019, Volume 51 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A Syllable with a Tone: A Starting Point of Interpreting Mandarin Chinese SHI You-wei 2019, 51 (3):  1-17.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.001 Abstract ( 435 )   HTML ( 308 )   PDF (2812KB) ( 341 )   Save There must be some correlation between phonetics and grammar of a language. Mandarin Chinese is featured by the fact that its syllable is with a tone. We can easily find the correlation among the following aspects:the similar structure between syntax and word-building, morphology, word rhyme, poetical meter and the categorization of Chinese characters. A survey of many languages, especially represented by Mandarin Chinese, shows that there is a clear correlation between a syllable with a tone, being monosyllabic, syntactic strategies, and sentence-initial nominal elements. Therefore, we shall pay more attention to the dominating phenomenon of a syllable with a tone, which can function as a starting point of interpreting Mandarin Chinese. The case in Mandarin Chinese is of universal significance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Several Issues in the Study of the History of the Introduction of Western Learning into China: From the “Doctrine of One-way Culture Transmission” to the Analysis of the Knowledge Type Transformation from the Perspective of Modernity YANG Nian-qun 2019, 51 (3):  18-34.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.002 Abstract ( 347 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (3060KB) ( 611 )   Save The study of the history of the introduction of Western learning into China has experienced a transformation from the "doctrine of one-way culture transmission" to emphasizing mutual communication between the East and the West, and then to a more detailed analysis on the introduction of Western leaning by means of the history of ideas and post-modern methods. The "doctrine of one-way culture transmission" completely examines the cultural exchange between China and the West with the standard of evolvement and science and the traditional culture is taken as a negative object that needs to be transformed. Consequently, the level of the advancement of imported sciences becomes the only measure to judge the success or failure of the knowledge type transformation. After that, some scholars have started to notice that the Chinese tradition is not merely passive in absorbing Western learning but also positive in creating new forms in the process of integration. The study of the interactivity between Chinese and Western ideas has helped us to understand the different meanings of the history of the introduction of Western learning into China. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Possible Separation in the “Four Domains” and the Relevance of the “Two Worlds”: On FENG Qi's Doctrine of “Four Domains” YANG Guo-rong 2019, 51 (3):  35-40.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.003 Abstract ( 356 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (893KB) ( 223 )   Save FENG Qi's ontology of "four domains", including the domain of things as such, that of facts, that of possibilities and that of values, embodies the unity of ontology, epistemology and axiology. However, when things as such, facts, possibilities and values are put into different ontological "domains", it leads to a logical danger that they would be separated from each other. In contrast, the interaction between the world of things as such and the world of reality in the "two worlds" presents another metaphysical horizon. In these "two worlds", the ontological difference by no means excludes the comprehensiveness of the world of reality and the relevance of different ontological "domains". While philosophers in the history such as Russell, JIN Yue-lin and Habermas mainly understand facts from the perspective of epistemology, FENG Qi emphasizes the ontological dimension as well as the epistemological dimension of "facts". This is based on the correlation between interpreting the world and changing the world. From the perspective of metaphysics, this correlation is the premise of transforming the world of things as such to the world of reality. In this regard, FENG's notion of facts implies the "two worlds", which also overcomes the possible separation in the "four domains" to some extent. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Philological and Philosophical Examination on the Unpublished Transcript of FENG Qi's Lectures on Dialectical Materialism JIN Rong-dong 2019, 51 (3):  41-50.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.004 Abstract ( 318 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (1673KB) ( 326 )   Save The Transcript of FENG Qi's Lectures on Dialectical Materialism is the record of a series of lectures given by FENG Qi at East China Normal University from February 1956 to May 1957. It has not yet been included in the second and expanded edition of the Collected Works of Feng Qi(11 vols.) published in 2016. Compared with other contemporaneous versions of the system of dialectical materialism, the Transcript shows FENG's own personal style and great originality in both integrating Marxist, Chinese and Western philosophical traditions and expounding on some fundamental principles of dialectical materialism. It could be treated as FENG's first systematic achievement in the sinicization of Marxist philosophy. It is also FENG's first attempt to construct his own system of philosophy due to the fact that it includes preliminary discussions on some core issues in his "doctrine of wisdom". Related Articles | Metrics

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Different Solutions to the Problems of “Narrow Epistemology” LIU Jing-fang 2019, 51 (3):  51-58.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.005 Abstract ( 325 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1214KB) ( 271 )   Save Stimulated by the view that the consciousness of logic and epistemology was underdeveloped in traditional Chinese philosophy, some Chinese philosophers in the 20th century such as ZHANG Dong-sun, JIN Yue-lin and FENG Qi paid much attention to the study of epistemology. Their contribution lies not only in exploring a "metaphysical approach" to epistemology, but also in finding new solutions to the problems of "the narrow epistemology", which has been the main concern of modern Western philosophy. They acknowledge the limitations of sensation but try to find other ways of connecting nature and man, subject and object; they acknowledge the importance of category but try to expound different category systems; they acknowledge the importance of logic but try to expand the "logical foundation" of epistemology. These new solutions to the problems of "narrow epistemology" have been important accomplishments of Chinese epistemology in the 20th century. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Semi-slavery Group in Rong Mansion CHEN Da-kang 2019, 51 (3):  59-70.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.006 Abstract ( 340 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (2392KB) ( 386 )   Save Stewards, maternal aunts, wet nurses, main servant girls have special positions in Rong Mansion. In order to maintain a luxurious life and keep it in order, the masters treat them well and endow them with certain rights. They put on airs as if they were masters in front of inferiors, but in fact they are semi-slaves with no personal freedom. These characters have not aroused much attention in the academic circle, for they are not main characters in The Red Mansion Dream. However, they play important roles in the development of the story line and even in the occurrence as well as the solution of conflicts. This paper analyzes the nature, roles and changes of these characters by regarding them as a group based on the descriptions in the novel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modern Ideological Mythologies in “What is Jesus?” CHU Xiao-bai 2019, 51 (3):  71-79.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.007 Abstract ( 440 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1799KB) ( 400 )   Save ZHU Zhi-xin's thesis "What is Jesus?" is an anti-Christian text that had a great influence in the anti-Christian Movement in the 1920s. ZHU disenchants the deity and personality of Jesus, but at the same time attempts to "re-mythologize" Jesus with Confucian ideal personality and stylized truism so that the image of Jesus could be used as a designation in his ideological mythology. On the contrary, WANG Zhi-xin's article under the same title tries to build the image of Jesus as a proletarian revolutionary with the characteristics of the times through criticizing ZHU with religious rationality. Effectively, a modern mythology of "Jesusism" is created in the name of anti-mythology in such a way. Related Articles | Metrics

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Literature in the Face of Cruelty: From Shklar to Rorty TANG Yong-hua 2019, 51 (3):  80-91.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.008 Abstract ( 355 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (2335KB) ( 299 )   Save American political theorist Judith Shklar's idea that "cruelty is the first vice" had a direct impact on Richard Rorty, a philosopher of Neo-pragmatism who applied it to literary criticism and made an illuminating interpretation on Nabokov's and Orwell's novels. Based on this, an in-depth study of the ideological connection between Shklar and Rorty as liberals will help us not only grasp Rorty's Neo-pragmatism in terms of philosophical logic, political concerns and the strategy of discourse, but also launch a new discussion on the eternal topic of the relationship between literature and morality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of and Reflection on the Overseas Studies of the Miao Nationality Nicholas Tapp 2019, 51 (3):  92-98.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.009 Abstract ( 630 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 755 )   Save The early works of overseas studies of the Miao nationality were mainly influenced by colonialism and linguistic methods. During this period, the missionaries were the majorities conducting the researches. The first work on the Miao nationality, for example, was the French priest Francois-Marie Savina's Histoire des Miao. Later, the Miao studies became more and more diversified in terms of research methods, including anthropology. Anthropologists have become the main force in this stage. In addition, with the development of the Miao studies, local Miao scholars have also grown up and become the writers and researchers of the history of their own nationality. In this setting, how to understand the identity of the Miao nationality and the writing of its history has also become a problem that needs serious discussion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Everyday Life and Chinese Intellectual Resources for Anthropology HUANG Jian-bo, ZHAO Ya-chuan 2019, 51 (3):  99-106.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.010 Abstract ( 223 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1451KB) ( 398 )   Save Contemporary anthropology is increasingly fragmented, lacking in theoretical thinking and grand perspectives. Therefore, the pluralistic development of "anthropologies" should be emphasized. To a certain extent, the idea of "Chinese intellectual resources for anthropology" is to return to the concern of classical anthropology on "human beings" and "a theory of human beings". Furthermore, the emphasis on and excavation of Chinese intellectual resources is not only a historical and textual approach, but also an approach which underlines the empirical nature of anthropology. The combination of these two approaches to exploring Chinese intellectual resources for anthropology means to highlight China's existing historical documents and intellectual on the one hand, and "discover China" both in the practice of everyday life and in the field investigation on the other. Related Articles | Metrics

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Generative Mechanism of a Pluralistic Society and Its Significance: Reflection on the Concept of “Borderland” LIU Qi 2019, 51 (3):  107-114.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.011 Abstract ( 311 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1579KB) ( 330 )   Save Diqing Tibetan Prefecture in Yunnan province is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious area. During the long historical process, people with different ethnic identities and religious beliefs have lived with each other and constituted a pluralistic society with difference and integration on the basis of a shared life. Through empirical research on the generative mechanism of the pluralistic society in Diqing, this paper tries to reveal its deep root as well as its significance for today's social governance of borderlands. The case study of Diqing can also help us reflect on "ethnic group", "nationality", "borderland" and other traditional concepts so as to deepen our understanding of FEI Hsiao-tung's theory of "the unity in diversity of Chinese nationalities". Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Elements of Brahman Culture in Chinese Mythology and Novels YAN Yao-zhong 2019, 51 (3):  115-124.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.012 Abstract ( 329 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (2350KB) ( 521 )   Save Brahman culture, through direct transmission and indirect introduction via Buddhist Sutras, has exerted great influence on Chinese mythology and novels. The characters and story lines in some widely-spread stories reflect the elements of Brahman culture. The phenomenon that Chinese mythology hasn't become abundant until the Han Dynasty and Chinese novels haven't begun to flourish until the Tang and Song Dynasties is obviously related to the stimulation and influence of Brahmanism and other elements of imported religious Indian culture. Related Articles | Metrics

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China's Transformation of Overseas Talent Strategy in the New Sino-US Contest Pattern GAO Zi-ping 2019, 51 (3):  125-132.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.013 Abstract ( 304 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1559KB) ( 423 )   Save Since President Trump took office, U.S.'s unilateral policy to global talent flow and Sino-US talent exchange, accompanied by protectionism ground and populism arguments, has shaped. Moreover, such a policy has been strengthened and validated in the just past mid-term election. It forces China's transformation of overseas talent strategy, which involves in screening by the Big-Data technology, market deployment, attracting mainly by central cities. In this way, we can hold the institutional edge and international competitiveness, and achieve the strategic goal of "aggregating outstanding talents in the whole world and constructing the great power of talents". Related Articles | Metrics

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Trump Administration's Monism Immigration Reform and Its Effects TANG Hui-yun 2019, 51 (3):  133-140.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.014 Abstract ( 738 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1461KB) ( 366 )   Save Since taking office, Trump has enforced monist immigration reform by executive power, which means that sovereignty is primary while market and human rights are less important. Trump's immigration policy has initiated shock waves at home and abroad. For the domestic politics in U.S., it has a negative impact on its domestic ethnic relations, economic development, and political ecology, but it is useful to consolidate Trump's voter base. For international relations, this monist immigration policy harms the bilateral relationship between U.S. and its immigrant resource nations. Additionally, global immigration governance crisis has been worsened because U.S.' practice of decreasing the quotas of refugees and reducing the funding for IOM. For China, Trump's immigration reform brings both advantages and disadvantages. Related Articles | Metrics

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Home Care Security and Targeted Care for the Elderly Living Alone in a Broad Sense: Based on Questionnaire of the Elderly Aged 70 and Above Who Live Alone in Urban Areas of Big Cities in China GUI Shi-xun 2019, 51 (3):  141-151.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.015 Abstract ( 403 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1842KB) ( 351 )   Save The elderly living alone in urban areas form the most difficult group in home care and those aged 70 and above are more difficult among them. Investigating 3363 elderly aged 70 and above and living alone in Chengdu, Dalian, Guangzhou, Hohhot and Shanghai, and collecting and analyzing data on their income security, medical security, service security, participation security, environment security and their needs, this paper finds out that there are diverse characteristics on the need for caring and the group that need targeted care most is explicit. Therefore, the government and the society should improve some policy suggestions on targeted care for the elderly living alone in urban areas on the supply side, including strengthening the notion of targeted care, precisely selecting focus groups of the elderly living alone, exactly determining different care measures for the elderly living alone with different demands, exactly establishing a all-weather and multifunctional system of emergency service call for the weak people of advanced age, effectively advancing institutional care for the elderly living alone and quickly establishing database on the elderly living alone in community. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Social Support Polices for the Family Caregiver of the Elderly: Implication of International Experiences for China's Practices HUANG Chen-xi, WANG Jing, WANG Yu-wei 2019, 51 (3):  152-159.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.016 Abstract ( 414 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1573KB) ( 511 )   Save Although family caregivers can play an important role in providing old-age care services, they are still eager to get the support from the outside. As a result of long-term engaged in care work without any support, family caregivers tend to face a lot of physical, mental and social pressure. Therefore, many countries and regions have established various kinds of support policies for family caregivers, including practical, informational, social, psychological and emotional support policies. These policies can not only effectively protect the rights and interests of family caregivers, but also reduce the financial burden of the government. In recent years, the Chinese government has gradually begun to attach importance to the role of family care. However, the policy system and service content need to be improved. China should strengthen rules and regulations to provide financial aid and support services for relatives and caregivers of the elderly living at home. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Loneliness and Its Correlates Among the Aged People Living Alone in Urban Areas LI Qiang, XU Gang, ZHANG Zhen 2019, 51 (3):  160-171.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.017 Abstract ( 1021 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF (2006KB) ( 908 )   Save With the faster speed of population aging and urbanization, the proportion of the elderly living alone in urban areas has risen rapidly. The issue of loneliness has attracted wide attention. The present study examined the prevalence and influence of loneliness among the aged population (those aged 70 and over) living alone in the cities in China. The data used are from the Aged Population Living Alone in Urban Areas Survey. We find that the participants had a moderate level of loneliness, with 40%, 45% and 15% reporting no, sometimes and often suffering from loneliness, respectively. But the heterogeneous groups among people had different risks of being lonely. Loneliness is associated with advancing age, females, widowhood, poorer income and poorer health. Less family support and losing relatives and friends significantly increases the risks of being lonely. More supports, including those from neighbors, community staff and volunteers, are needed to decrease the risk of feeling lonely for the elderly living alone. References | Related Articles | Metrics