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15 September 2019, Volume 51 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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On Employment Quality, Urban Social Inclusion and the Health Status of Migrant Workers XU Yan-hui, LI Zhi-bin 2019, 51 (5):  2-10.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.001 Abstract ( 223 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (1440KB) ( 352 )   Save With ordinal logistic regression, this study analyzes the impact of employment quality and urban social inclusion on migrant workers health status. Based on the survey data of migrant workers in four southeast coastal cities in China, this study shows that their employment quality has a significant direct impact on their health status. Specifically, higher income, the participation in trade unions, the participation in vocational trainings, and higher job satisfaction contributes have positive effect, while working overtime and living in dormitory are negative. Besides, another significant element is migrant workers' sense of urban social inclusion, which plays a role as a mediator between their employment quality and health status. Therefore, to improve migrant workers' health status, we should not only further labor market and employment quality but promote urban social inclusion as well. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discrimination against Rural Household at Urban Migrant Labor Market CHEN Jie, GUO Xiao-xin 2019, 51 (5):  11-23.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.002 Abstract ( 265 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (2117KB) ( 252 )   Save Existing research on labor market discrimination against labors mainly focuses on the wage difference among labors with local household and migrant labors, but nearly no attention has been paid to the wage difference and potential discrimination among migrants with urban household and those with rural household. Nonetheless, the comparability between local labor and migrant labor is low while much higher among different sectors of migrant labors. Moreover, rural migrant labors may be more sensitive to unequal treatment and discrimination among migrant labors. Research on this issue therefore would be significant for policy making. Against the backdrop of new urbanization process, it is important to investigate how the situation about discrimination against labors with rural household holders in the Chinese urban migrant labor market. Based on existing literature, we conduct theoretical discussions on the phenomenon and mechanisms regarding labor market discrimination against rural migrant labors. We employ the Oaxaca-Blinder model and data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS) by the National Population and Family Planning Commission of P.R. China for quantitative measurement. The results reveal that discrimination against rural household holders at urban migrant labor market prevails in most of the Chinese cities. On the average, discrimination against rural household holders can explain 30-40% of the wage difference between migrant labors with rural household and migrant labors with urban household. Meanwhile, the extent of labor market discrimination due to rural household varies significantly across subgroups of rural migrant labors who differ in genders, age, and industries. Further, this paper also finds that the city-level magnitude of discrimination against rural household holders will first decline and then rise along with the increase of city size, appearing in a U-shaped curve. This paper discusses the policy implications of these findings. Relevant departments should protect the legitimate rights and interests of rural household holders while carrying out household system reform to eradicate discrimination against rural household holders at migrant labor market. Differential treatments based on household such as public service and social benefits ought to be lifted off. Meanwhile, cities should advance household system reform in accordance with their actual conditions and characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gendered Accumulation of Social Capital in Community LIU Jian-jun, ZHANG Lan 2019, 51 (5):  24-32.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.003 Abstract ( 297 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1662KB) ( 306 )   Save A community is an important cell of the national governance, a cornerstone and basic unit of the national governance system. Community governance has its own operation logic and realization path. As the condensation of small politics, weak politics and low politics, a community has its basic orientation of emotional politics and life politics. Therefore, this paper puts forward a proposition that a community is a feminine governance space. Feminization has two meanings. First, from the perspective of social attributes, a community is a flat, anti-bureaucratic governance field, so that the fact that community governance relies on process-orientation, emotion-orientation and participation-orientation directly leads to the warmth of a community. Second, from the perspective of natural attributes, community governance is mainly carried out by women due to their advantages in character and communication. The social and natural attributes of community governance directly contribute to the continuous accumulation of social capital along the gendered path in a community. This paper answers the question why the community governance is dominated by women and analyzes the gendered characteristics. In the feminine space, social capital has achieved continuous accumulation by the ways of institutionalization, beneficence and socialization. However, the emergence of beneficial politics in the housing-rights society has made the accumulation mechanism face the challenge of weakening even interrupting. How to combine the emotional politics and beneficial politics in community governance and explore the sustainable dynamics of community development has become important mission for social governance at China's urban grassroots. Related Articles | Metrics

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Resident Participation in Urban Communities: A Chinese Ladder Model HE Xue-song, HOU Qiu-yu 2019, 51 (5):  33-42.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.004 Abstract ( 441 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (1801KB) ( 677 )   Save Examining the relationship between residential committees and residents, this paper builds a ladder model of resident participation with eight levels, i.e., being an onlooker, being demanded, trying to enter, being accepted, entering "inside", being autonomous, leading and keeping balance. This model reveals the development of resident participation from passive participation to cooperative participation and then to autonomous participation. Based on intersubjective relationship, the participation ladder of Chinese local residents is different from the power-centered model of foreign countries. Behind the slow development of resident participation ladder is the logical paradox between grassroots governance and community autonomy. In China's national conditions, resident participation may eventually lead to a "balanced" participation stage, which will provide a certain reference for future development of resident participation in urban communities. Related Articles | Metrics

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“Legal-Institutional” Analysis on Social Organization Governance in China WANG Xiang-min, LU Bing 2019, 51 (5):  43-52.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.005 Abstract ( 280 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1629KB) ( 300 )   Save Social organization is an important structural force in addition to the administrative force in a city, so the governing of social organization is significant for urban governance. The old institutionalism focuses on law and the central role of law in governing, accordingly the documents of law and policy constitute the formal governing framework. Social organization governing in China is characterized by a smooth change "from control to development", which is a kind of "selective development", "trend development" and "key development". First, functional social organization that provides services is gradually stronger in the survival competition; second, the government provides continuous resource supply and policy incentives for the development of social organization; third, comprehensive supervision on social organization confines its democratic consultation capacity. The "legal-institutional" framework of social organization governance reflects the tendency of "governing by documents" and "governing by departmental regulations", and the practice of the rule of law need to be further developed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Data Discipline in Urban Governance under the Condition of Big Data Technology HU Jian 2019, 51 (5):  53-59.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.006 Abstract ( 311 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1190KB) ( 266 )   Save Urban governance aims to construct a sound order. In accordance with economic development, the way of order discipline has changed from moral discipline to behavioral discipline and then to legal discipline. While the validity of legal discipline is influenced by subjective factors of law makers, technological progress can offset this flaw. The practice of using big data technology in urban governance adopts the method of data discipline to maintain urban order. Technology has always been a double-edged sword. It brings convenience, but also causes harm due to the selfishness of different members in human community. This is the alienation of technology. While big data plays an active role in constructing an orderly city and its discipline helps to create "absolute security" in a city, data discipline is based upon the premise of sacrificing privacy, which results in a kind of fear in "absolute security". The urban governance under the condition of big data cannot remove such fear in a short time. However, urban governance should ultimately restore to its people-oriented essence and technology should serve people better under moral discipline. Related Articles | Metrics

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Homeownership and Innovation: Evidence from China's 69 Large- and Middle-sized Cities KUANG Wei-da, YU Jia-wei 2019, 51 (5):  60-66.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.007 Abstract ( 296 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (1144KB) ( 337 )   Save The extant literature hasn't exploited the effects of homeownership and heterogeneous human capital on urban innovation. Employing the city-level databases of China's 69 large- and middle-sized cities during 2010-2015, this paper elucidates the intermediary effects of homeownership on innovation. The research finds that homeownership has negative effects on innovation input and output. Thus, homeownership and rental markets should be developed in balance. Homeownership affects innovation by virtue of housing price rather than population migration. As such, we should prevent the negative impact of housing price volatility on innovation. Moreover, the effects of homeownership on innovation are more significant and greater in lower human capital cities than that in higher human capital cities. Hence, we should pay more attention to the innovation in lower human capital cities. Related Articles | Metrics

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Economic Globalization, City Network and the Development of Global Cities LI Zheng-tu, YAO Qing-tie 2019, 51 (5):  67-78.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.008 Abstract ( 355 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (2542KB) ( 305 )   Save As a result of development of globalization at the high end, global cities are usually built on the network of global transportation and telecommunication. The network started from a regional network between cities to a city network within a nation, and ended in the global city network. In such a development, international trade plays an important role for connecting cities at different levels. A city network at higher levels is the accumulation of the networks below it. For example, the global city network is a pyramid of the accumulation of the global city network in a narrow sense, national city networks and regional city networks. Accordingly, regional cities, national cities and global cities are cultivated at respective levels. For a city network of high ranks, the layout of the network consists of cities at its level and below. For this reason, the hierarchical global city network consists of regional city networks, national city networks and the global city network in a narrow sense. Meanwhile, global cities stand at the top of the pyramid. Based on the discussion above, we finally come to the law behind the changes of global cities, which we should follow in the construction of global cities. Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospect and Reflection on the Study of Urban Social Structure in China in the Past 40 Years: An Analysis based on the Research Findings in CNKI & CSSCI WEN Jun, LIU Yu-ting 2019, 51 (5):  79-89.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.009 Abstract ( 342 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (2502KB) ( 309 )   Save Urban is not only the field where all kinds of modern elements flow, but also the subject of social structure transformation. By reviewing the relevant papers collected in CNKI and CSSCI, we find that China's urban social structure research in the past 40 years focuses on six aspects, that is, urban and rural structure, urban consumption structure, urban class structure, urban space structure, urban employment structure and urban population structure, in which urban and rural structure is dominant. In the past 40 years, the research on China's urban social structure has generally gone through three stages of low-speed growth, rapid development and fluctuating development, which respectively focuses on rural areas, urban and rural structure and then cities. Only with a broader global vision, a more solid theoretical basis and a greater focus on the subjectivity of a city can future studies of urban social structure understand social structure better and then provide theoretical and practical guidance for the transformation of urban social structure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Industrial Integration Driven by Urban Agglomeration and the Rising of the Global Value Chain: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta CHEN Jian-jun, YANG Shu-lin, HUANG Jie 2019, 51 (5):  90-98.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.010 Abstract ( 302 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1629KB) ( 309 )   Save The process of forming global urban agglomeration is essentially a process in which a region builds a super industry cluster by improving the status of the global value chain. After nearly 30 years of integrated development, the Yangtze River Delta has gradually formed the prototype of global urban agglomeration. However, compared with the mature corresponding ones, it still needs improvements. At present, the overall degree of specification in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration(YRDUA) is relatively high, but due to the regional industrial development differentiation, there is level difference in the global value chain between the north and south wings of the YRDUA, which fails to fully exert the scale effect and network effect that the urban agglomeration should have. This level difference and high industrial similarity also provide the driving force for industrial integration between the sub-megalopolis in the YRDUA. Therefore, in the context of the high-quality integrated development of the YRDUA, the sub-megalopolis such as the north and south wings of the YRDUA should take advantage of the opportunity of the construction of the metropolitan area. Through the intra-region specification within the industry, local integration will be used to promote global integration, furthermore, it will consolidate and deepen the industrial and regional advantages of the YRDUA. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Economic Growth Effect of the Coordinated Innovation of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration under the Integrated National Strategy HU Yan, PAN Ting, ZHANG Wei 2019, 51 (5):  99-106.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.011 Abstract ( 230 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1487KB) ( 304 )   Save Under the background of the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta into a national strategy, it is of great significance to study the impact of coordinated innovation on economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration(YRDUA). Based on the data(2007-2017) of 26 cities in the YRDUA, the dynamic change characteristics of coordinated innovation development of urban agglomerations is studied by constructing the collaborative innovation spatial contact gravity model and the collaborative innovation spatial correlation model. Then, the impact of coordinated innovation on economic growth is explored by spatial lag model. The result shows that in the YRDUA, there are obvious regional differences in the spatial connection strength of collaborative innovation, but the overall spatial connection of collaborative innovation is increasing; the spatial linkage of collaborative innovation presents significant spatial correlation, and spatial agglomeration is obvious; basically, the innovation cluster district with Shanghai, Suzhou, Nanjing and Hangzhou as the endpoints of high collaborative innovation capability has been formed; the collaborative innovation has a significant spatial spillover effect, which promoted the regional economic growth through direct effect, indirect effect and total effect. Therefore, to improve the integrated development of the YRDUA, we should strengthen the spatial linkages of collaborative innovation with the YRDUA, make central cities play a more active role and further the collaborative innovation system in the YRDUA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Differentiation of Green Innovation Efficiency Patterns and Spatial Association in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration TENG Tang-wei, QU Cong-yi, HU Sen-lin, ZENG Gang 2019, 51 (5):  107-117.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.012 Abstract ( 222 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (2538KB) ( 455 )   Save Green innovation is the key to cultivating new drivers of urban development. This paper is devoted to analyzing and comparing the green innovation efficiency and spatial association characteristics of 26 cities at or above the prefectural level in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration(YRDUA). It is of vital importance to promote higher quality integrated development of the YRDUA. Considering that the traditional DEA model does not consider "relaxation" of factors and cannot reasonably solve the efficiency evaluation problem under the condition of non-expected output, this paper uses Super-SBM and GML index as new models to measure the green innovation efficiency at urban scale, and depicts the spatial characteristics of the YRDUA. The result shows that:(1) The green innovation efficiency of 26 cities in the YRDUA is on the rise as a whole, and the driving forces are mainly from technical efficiency, while technological progress lags behind technological efficiency. (2) From the perspective of spatial correlation, the difference of green innovation efficiency between 26 cities tends to narrow in the YRDUA, and the green innovation efficiency of the YRDUA tends to be integration. (3) There exist four types of combinations between the efficiency of urban green innovation and the level of economic development in the YRDUA, i.e., high-high, high-low, low-high and low-low. Finally, some policy suggestions are put forward. High-high cities should further improve green innovative technologies and gradually abandon or upgrade industries with high pollution and high input; then low-high cities are more suitable for capital-intensive development; high-low cities should realize the coordinated development of green economy by improving the conversion efficiency; low-low cities should pay attention to the problems of industrial structure and speed up the improvement of the efficiency of scientific and technological research and development. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Spatial-temporal Evolution of Coordinated Development of Industry-Transportation-Environment: A Case Study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration ZHOU Jing-kui, WANG Wen-bo, ZHANG Yan-yan 2019, 51 (5):  118-134.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.013 Abstract ( 215 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (3009KB) ( 386 )   Save The coupling coordination degree is an important index to measure the coordinated development level of industry, transportation and environment. This paper uses the coupling coordination model to conduct an empirical study on the cooperative development relationship of industry, transportation and environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei from 2006 to 2016. It is found that the industry, transportation and environmental of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region show a trend of fluctuation and rise, and the three are closely related. The coupling coordination degree of "industry-transportation-environment" system in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region decreases slightly in some years, but the overall performance is stable growth. The regions with good coupling coordination degree are distributed in the "southeast" line of Beijing. There is no spatial correlation in the coordinated development of system coupling. In addition, by comparing the coupling coordination level of the three major urban agglomerations in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, it is found that the three major urban agglomerations show similar development trends and spatial distribution characteristics during the research period, the coupling coordination level of the three major urban agglomeration systems is relatively low, and they are all in the stage of barely coordinated development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Regional Balance Development Based on Space, Time and Element Coordination: A Case Study of Changning District in Shanghai ZHU Jian-jiang 2019, 51 (5):  135-143.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.014 Abstract ( 189 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (1598KB) ( 308 )   Save Regional development, especially balanced development, involves coordinated development of many aspects. Based on the overall planning of Changning District, Shanghai in 1994 and its implementation in past 20 years, this paper systemically analyzes the change from unbalanced development to balanced development of Changning. The result shows three concrete practices in regional development, that is, space coordination, time coordination and element coordination. The case of Changning shows that the change from unbalanced development to balanced development is achievable. Balanced development result from time, space and element coordination. Balanced development has a gradient and it is measurable. To move from unbalanced development to balanced development, we must carry out misplaced development, simultaneous development and coordinated development of different regions by paying attention to each region's own location advantages, resource endowment advantages and development foundations and conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Problematique, Dialectics of “Metromarxism” and China's Road LIU Huai-yu 2019, 51 (5):  144-153.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.015 Abstract ( 245 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF (1813KB) ( 319 )   Save In the globalized urban era, Marxist philosophy is not only strongly required to pay attention to urban issues, but also to establish a philosophical research paradigm of "Metromarxism" with urban society as its main body. This paradigm should not only include a general historical perspective of modern critique of political economics, but also have a good humanistic spirit and rich dialectical imagination, which is manifested as a kind of spatial dialectics. F.Jameson and H.Lefebvre have provided us with a methodological model in their respective ways, and thus promoted a new philosophy of urban dialectical materialism. Contemporary China's urban social development is in the pattern of spatial contradiction, in which spatial production dominated by global capital, socialist countries' modernization governance, and people's yearning for a better life are intertwined. One of the most important problems facing "Metromarxism" is how to take root in Chinese traditional cultural wisdom and contemporary local practical experience and knowledge, so as to enable residents to live poetically in modern urban society. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Coating of Space Production and Its Ethical Constraints CHEN Zhong 2019, 51 (5):  154-159.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.016 Abstract ( 195 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 190 )   Save Space production is the essential content and motive of social development, as well as an important measure of the degree and vitality of an area's development. By "coating" we mean the artificial overlap of heterogeneous objects and the development of coating skills is significant for social development. Through coating, objects can be more durable. Meanwhile, human production and life will cost less and be more gorgeous with its image being improved. However, coating may also lead to alienation. The coatization of space production is the excessive, generalized and alienated application of coating skills and coating strategies in space production area so that it is an evil one-no matter it is apparent or hidden. The coatization of space production is closely related to the secularization of the zeitgeist, the aggregation effect of urban society and the multiplication of modern skills. Although the coating strategy is needed in modern social production, coatization may cause multiple harms such as constructing troubled space that is unsustainable, affirming and reproducing human contradictions, deepening the inherent contradictions of social relations, enchanting and distorting the world of meaning. To reduce and prevent the coatization of space production, the space production, coating techniques, the aim and process of space coating are needed to be ethically constrained. Also, the ethical qualities and capacity possessed by the multiple subjects of space production should be continuously improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Urban “Unthinking” in the 20th Century and Its Implications HU Da-ping 2019, 51 (5):  160-167.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.017 Abstract ( 321 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1617KB) ( 259 )   Save Urban philosophy in the 20th century is generally characterized by "unthinking", by which Immanel Wallerstein means opening new perspectives by questioning the given premises and by debating. There are three phases for urban unthinking:the critique of industrial cities made by E.Howard, P.Geddes et al., which promoted the development of urban planning in the early 20th century; the challenges to the existing planning science and orthodox theories proposed by J.Jacobs, H.Lefebvre et al., which promoted the forming of subversive perspective of urban politics during 1960s-70s; the deconstruction of popular ideas on modern cities, geography and space by radicalism under the influence of the revolution in May, 1968, which resulted in the spread of anti-essentialist, heterogeneous and pluralist urban discourses after 1970s. Urban unthinking that regards alternative lifestyles as its aim elaborates that planning is the way to build humane cities. However, it also emphasizes that the intricate order of its aim cannot be built merely by planning. It reveals that urban world is a horizon to attract creative practice for good life. Related Articles | Metrics

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Two Dimensions in the Exploration of Humanity in Urban Literature CHEN Si-he 2019, 51 (5):  168-171.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.018 Abstract ( 236 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (807KB) ( 410 )   Save By urban literature we mean the literature which presents people's psychic repression in an international metropolis rather than the city literature in the traditional dualist framework of the rural and the urban. We can discuss the possibility of urban literature from two dimensions. The first is how a writer can create incomplete urban personalities and how people can understand broken spirit. The characters in traditional novels are generally intact and clear, while in the metropolitan culture there are incomplete personalities with spiritual rupture. The second is the crises in terms of humanity, families and ethics resulted from spiritual pressure and rupture. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Primitive Wilderness and Redemption of City Dwellers WANG Hong-tu 2019, 51 (5):  172-177.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.019 Abstract ( 278 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1339KB) ( 358 )   Save The urban writing in modern Chinese literature has not fully presented the various characteristics of modern cities. French critic Bachelard's interpretation of Comte de Lautréamont reveals his aggressive primitive wilderness. Dostoevsky explores in a series of works the primitive wilderness deep in human mind in the forms of superman philosophy and nihilism. Meanwhile, he explores the possibility of spiritual redemption. How to find spiritual redemption is a challenge that modern city dwellers face. Related Articles | Metrics

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Travel and Literary “Pilgrimage”: Literary Heritage and the Creation of Urban Space and the State Image CHEN Xiao-lan 2019, 51 (5):  178-186.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.020 Abstract ( 211 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (1797KB) ( 482 )   Save Literature is impacted by its birthplace, while it also endows the place with symbolic significance. Myths, legends, epics, works of sages and modern literature have always influenced travel. Under the multi-effects of ideology, the conception of history, mass tourism and other factors, the literary landscapes constructed around the heritage of literature, as an important element in the structure of tourism and spatial planning of various cities, play a role of media and bridge between literature and reality, the past and the present, as well as the local and the world. In the contemporary international tourism, literary landscapes influence the impression and evaluation of tourists on a place or a country and even become an important element in the building of the image of a country in travel writings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Remaking Phantoms: Urban Space in the Image Narration of Science Fiction Films YANG Jun-lei 2019, 51 (5):  187-193.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.021 Abstract ( 297 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1536KB) ( 353 )   Save Urban space plays an important role in the image narration of science fiction films. Futuristic sense and doomsday sense constitute the dimension of time in the virtual scene of urban space. There is invisible entanglement between the future and doomsday, through which urban space in fictional vision is promoted to realize its narration function of remaking phantoms. Related Articles | Metrics

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On Urban Historiography CHEN Heng 2019, 51 (5):  194-200.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.022 Abstract ( 266 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1389KB) ( 711 )   Save Urban history is different from urban historiography. The former is an object of study, whereas the latter, is a subdivision within the modern discipline of historiography. Urban historiography studies the origin, development, and transformation of cities as well as the process of urbanization from the perspective of historiography. The rise of urban historiography results from the great impact of rapid urbanization upon society, the rapid development of historiography, and the influence of other academic disciplines. Arising since the end of World War Ⅱ, "urban historiography" as a discipline has been generally accepted in the academic circle. It is giving inspirations to observe the transformations of human civilization from the urban perspective. If stretching the time scale of urban historiography to cover the whole of the 20th century, we may find that it has gone through several important changes as the time goes by. Therefore, critical studies of urban historiography for the purpose of learning experience from others and establishing our own theoretical frames and conceptual systems of urban historiography are theoretically and practically significant. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Modernity of Shanghai in the Age of Great Unrest ZHANG Ji-shun 2019, 51 (5):  201-204.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.023 Abstract ( 312 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (772KB) ( 230 )   Save Since 1949, the society in Shanghai has witnessed great revolutionary changes. However, the orientation of urban culture and taste in daily life hidden behind these changes have not gone completely. Observing some scenarios in the novels, i.e., WANG Cheng-zhi's The Alley of Tonghe, WANG An-yi's The Age of Enlightenment and JIN Yu-cheng's Blooming Flowers, from a perspective of historical study, we can find that there is not only rupture but also continuity between the old and the new ages. Even in the age of great unrest, the modernity in Shanghai tenaciously survived in a hidden way. Historical memories and cultural inertia coexist in drastic intergenerational replacement in Shanghai, which has formed the fundamental vitality and characteristic of Shanghai culture. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Role of a Cultural Map in the Construction of Collective Memory in an Urban Block: Based on the Survey of the Activity of “Jiangning in Memory” KONG Xiang, CHEN Pin-yu, WEN Ying-zi 2019, 51 (5):  205-213.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.024 Abstract ( 380 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (2114KB) ( 315 )   Save The activity of "Jiangning in Memory" conducted by Jiangning Road Sub-district Office, Jing'an District, Shanghai is a response to the rapid change of an urban block by retaining local collective memory. By applying multiple qualitative research methods such as non-participatory observation, household interview, depth interview of key figures and text analysis, this paper explores whether a cultural map could be an effective carrier of local collective memory, and analyzes the mechanism of subject participation and its influence on the construction of local collective memory through the compilation process of a cultural map. It is found that the cultural map in the activity of "Jiangning in Memory" can be an effective carrier for the construction of local collective memory, within which the residents' participation is an important condition. There exists unequal power relationship among different subjects in the compilation of a cultural map and its elements selection, which shows that the local collective memory carried by a cultural map is also a result of social construction. Finally, this paper discusses the significance of the activity of "Jiangning in Memory" for urban space making and the construction of local collective memory. Related Articles | Metrics

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French Cities in the State Formation in the Late Middle Ages ZHU Ming 2019, 51 (5):  214-223.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.025 Abstract ( 311 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (1852KB) ( 445 )   Save In recent years, the study of European urban history has witnessed the rise of the national perspective. Different from the tradition of emphasizing autonomous cities, this new perspective focuses on the interaction between a nation-state and its cities, and examines the nation-state development by investigating the cities. The construction of France as a nation-state is a long process of temporal and spatial evolution. It was not merely a product of modern construction, since the development of the city in the late Middle Ages had laid a spatial foundation for it. The control of the feudal territory and the expansion of the border areas by the Valois Dynasty effectively promoted the formation of the monarchy's territorial state. In order to effectively control the country and expand the territory, the crown convened hierarchical councils in regional central cities, set up courts, integrated national transportation and strengthened national economic layout, developed national markets in major cities and transformed frontier cities. These measures reflected the creation of France as a modern nation-state based on cities and centered on strengthening the kingship. Studying the formation of a country by investigating a city provides us with a new perspective. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Legislation of Coal Smoke Abatement in Britain in the Beginning of the 20th Century LU Wei-fang 2019, 51 (5):  224-231.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.026 Abstract ( 258 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1534KB) ( 311 )   Save The problem of urban coal smoke pollution had become increasingly serious since the steam engine drove the industrial revolution in Britain. All the British society looked for solutions, within which the smoke abatement legislation was very important. The Public Health(Smoke Abatement) Act of 1926 was the result of the efforts to introduce legislation to reduce smoke emissions in the UK since the 19th century. It had a relatively clear definition and punishment measures for commercial smoke emission in the UK, and had made some achievements in dealing with coal smoke pollution in the industrial society. It used national legislation to control air pollution, which provided a legal basis for smoke abatement and set a precedent for similar legislation in the future. Related Articles | Metrics