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15 July 2023, Volume 55 Issue 4 Previous Issue   

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Normativity：The Distinction and Unity of Explanation and Interpretation Yu-jian ZHENG 2023, 55 (4):  1-12.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.001 Abstract ( 253 )   HTML ( 339 )   PDF (928KB) ( 265 )   Save Within a broad naturalistic framework as a common background for the contemporary science and philosophy, we try to give a generic and unified account for normativity as well as its foundational status by taking a particular angle of the relation between two major representational means, i.e., explanation and interpretation, at the level of methodology. This relation can be revealed via their connections with other conceptual pairs (such as posteriori induction vs apriori principle, cause vs reason, token vs type, description vs norm, disenchantment vs re-enchantment of the world). Explanation draws on one-directional cognition while interpretation involves two-directional construction. When we understand or explain natural phenomena, certain kinds of normativity are involved; whereas the kinds of interdependence or interaction between interpreters and interpretational objects all rely on the first-person perspective of the perceivers doing the interpretation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Dialogue between Analytic Theory of Knowledge and Kuki’s Philosophy：Focusing on “Contingency” Ying-jin XU 2023, 55 (4):  13-25.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.002 Abstract ( 261 )   HTML ( 65 )   PDF (996KB) ( 419 )   Save According to the mainstream of analytic theory of knowledge, subjects must acquire genuine knowledge without substantially appealing to luck in order to ensure that knowledge acquired is “safe” enough. In this sense, the preclusion of contingency has become a main feature of analytic theory of knowledge. In contrast, Kuki Shūzō, a philosopher of the Kyoto School, re-assesses the status of contingency in the constitution of knowledge in his theory of contingency. He identifies three layers of contingency: categorical contingency on the top, hypothetical contingency in the middle, and the disjunctive contingency on the deepest level. In Kuki, though the first two types of contingency can be reduced to necessities of this or that sort, such reduction cannot be successfully applied to disjunctive contingency, which has a metaphysical significance in Kuki’s system. Kuki’s theory would help us to re-assess the famous “fake barn case”, which frequently appears in epistemological literature, as well as Prichard’s definition of “epistemic safety”, and thereby reveals the difficulty of defining “safety” in a contingency-free manner. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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“Defending against Barbarians” and “Acquiring Economic Needs through Trade”：The Policymaking Tendency of Overseas Trade in Ancient China Chun-yan HUANG 2023, 55 (4):  26-36.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.003 Abstract ( 417 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (905KB) ( 358 )   Save In order to comprehend the nature of overseas trade policy in ancient China, one needs to overcome the limitation of judging it by the binarism of “opening up-closing off” and uncover its historical logic. The absolute principle of the Sino-barbarian dichotomy and the order of the world dictates that the overseas trade policy first and foremost gravitated towards “defending against barbarians”, which made equal trading relationships between ancient Chinese dynasties and overseas nations impossible. The complementary economic demands of China and overseas nations led to “acquiring economic needs through trade” in overseas trade policy - a trend that intensified and gradually prioritized financial demands over goods demand. After the Song Dynasty, south-eastern coastal regions’ maritime characteristics became increasingly prominent. Asian maritime trade developed rapidly and became an internal and external driving force that pushed maritime trade policy towards openness, professionalization, and systematization. From the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty to the early period of the Qing Dynasty, overseas trade policy had always adhered to “defending against barbarians” and “acquiring economic needs through trade” under the notion of Sino- barbarian dichotomy and the tributary system, which led to quantitative increase but no qualitative reform. Through the mutual interactions between this quantitative accumulation and the militarily advanced Western powers, as well as different rules of international relations, the Qing Dynasty was made to gradually change its pre-existing course and passively accept new systems and concepts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Examination of the Needham Puzzle：Any Other Prerequisites for the Birth of Science? Xiao-nong ZHU 2023, 55 (4):  37-53.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.004 Abstract ( 564 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (986KB) ( 519 )   Save In his previous paper on the Needham Puzzle in 2015, the author offered a conclusion that science could not originate spontaneously in China due to the lack of logic and the subject-predicate structure in antient Chinese sentences. This paper further explores the following issue: Are there any other prerequisites for the birth of science? The answer is uniformitarianism and positivism. The generation of uniformitarianism is in high correlation with the necessity of subject in a sentence. Positivism did exist in the practice in Chinese history, but it was absent in epistemology. In this way, this paper argues for three prerequisites for the emergence of science: uniformitarianism, logic and positivism. Moreover, why science did not emerge in Indian, Arabic, native American and other cultures? The reason is that they lack one or more of the three prerequisites for science. The Needham Puzzle is asked in a negative form for a specific phenomenon, i.e., “Why did something not emerge in somewhere?” This tends to induce ad hoc hypotheses. The question should be asked in an affirmative form: “What are the general conditions for the emergence of something?” Only this question will lead to scientific research. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Language Planning for an Age-friendly Society in the Construction of Information Accessibility Society Qi SHEN, Jun-yi GU 2023, 55 (4):  54-62.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.005 Abstract ( 221 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (843KB) ( 431 )   Save In the context of a rapidly aging population and advancing digital construction, ensuring the sharing of digital life for the elderly is an important symbol of adhering to the positive view of aging and highlighting the construction of national spiritual civilization. Based on the four main types of elderly language problems, this paper makes a content framework for the age-friendly language services in the construction of the digital society, and puts forward the implementation path from the three levels of “resource integration”, “service orientation”, and “information support”. In this way, we expect to provide reference for the age-friendly language services planning and construction. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Reliability Regulation Function of Evidential Marker “Cong X Lai Shuo” Jian-gang HU, Jing-min SHAO 2023, 55 (4):  63-76.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.006 Abstract ( 230 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (970KB) ( 264 )   Save This paper tries to make a new explanation from the specific angle of reliability regulation of the evidential marker “cong X lai shuo”. The core function of the evidential marker is to provide indispensable support for the insufficient confidence assertion Y. According to the semantic character of X, “cong X lai shuo” can be divided into definite perspective type and fuzzy perspective type. For Y with sufficient reliability, “cong X lai shuo” assumes the function of enhancing reliability by the following means: (1) making the proposition omnidirectional; (2) focusing the statement object; (3) making the presentation content precise; (4) making the judgment criterion clear. For Y with insufficient reliability, “cong X lai shuo” assumes the function of improving reliability by the following means: (1) blurred perspective; (2) degree adjustment; (3) perspective change; (4) specific conditions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vacuous-Potential Poetics：A New Interpretation of the Occurrence of Artistic Language Yang LIU 2023, 55 (4):  77-85.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.007 Abstract ( 128 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (727KB) ( 407 )   Save Art forms meaning in the distinction of symbols, which makes the origin of the first symbol which has no subsequent distinction become a theoretical problem. The two existing interpretations of this are “from being to being” of unconscious theory and “from no-being to being” of ontology. According to the former, the first symbol in art is “unconsciousness transformed from consciousness”, which implies rational power discipline. Due to the dichotomy of no-being and being, the latter also fails to eradicate the relevant position and its overall essence. The vacuous-potential theory transcends the above two interpretations and puts forward the idea of “from vacuity to being”, which allows the subject to make himself vacuous in the field, and reveals the singularity existing in the repetitive form through the differences in the potential movement. This process includes the specter of differences and realizes objectivity in its event-based way of thinking. The seemingly singular first symbol in art is therefore a vacuous-potential symbol, which changes from reality to vacuity in the posture of potential repetition, overcomes the rational power discipline and overall habit, and provides the starting point of vacuous-potential poetics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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From Thought-world to Photo-fiction：On François Laruelle’s Theory of Photography Shi-chang NIE 2023, 55 (4):  86-95.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.008 Abstract ( 259 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (782KB) ( 506 )   Save After his constructing of “non-philosophy” system in a series of works, French philosopher Fran?ois Laruelle extends his critique to the theory of photography. Aiming at nullifying philosophy’s domination over photography with his “non-photography”, Laruelle questions the concept of the “world”, on which most theories of photography rely, and invoked the so-called “immanent practice of photography” to eliminate philosophy’s negative influence upon photography. In addition, Laruelle utilizes the model of “generic fractal theory” expounded inTheories of Identities to enhance the rigor of “non-photography”. Nevertheless, there still exist numerous intractable issues within non-photography theory. Furthermore, these problems are not exclusively confined to on-photography theory. Therefore, after deep reflection on his early way of thinking, Laruelle replaces “generic fractal theory” with “generic quantum theory”. The latter’s inherent logic of paradox provides him with extensive theoretical space for “fiction”. One experimental accomplishment resulting from this revision is “photo-fiction”, which enables Laruelle to redefine his non-photography within the framework of generic quantum theory. Thus, Fran?ois Laruelle’s theory of photography not only provides us with not only a new path for reconsidering photography but also a perfect index for understanding his philosophy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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“The Solitary Mortuary”：The Meanings of Remains in the Context the Medicalization of Death Tian-shu PAN, Shen-qi TANG 2023, 55 (4):  96-110.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.009 Abstract ( 268 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1100KB) ( 676 )   Save In modern society, the scope of the flow of remains is continually exceeding the boundaries of family organizations and being taken over by larger and impersonal social organizations. Under the trend of the medicalization of death, the hospital has become the focal point of death and dying. As a spatial device of medical knowledge and a constituent of the hospital system, the mortuary has become a place for taking charge of patients’ remains. In the mortuary, there are two concepts of remains: one pertains to the Western medical system’s knowledge and cultural tradition that objectifies and dissects dead bodies, the other is the emotional, ethical, and mutually permeable concept of remains within the context of Chinese social thought. Despite the tension between them, anthropological research finds that these two concepts can be reconciled in commercial activities in the mortuary. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Between Life and Death，Disaster and Ritual：A Case Study of May 12th Wenchuan Earthquake Xi ZHANG 2023, 55 (4):  111-118.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.010 Abstract ( 182 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (821KB) ( 513 )   Save Behind the successful “Wenchuan experience” of post-disaster reconstruction, it still takes time to heal the spiritual and psychological trauma to the community in the disaster area due to the huge number of people killed by the disaster, and many rituals still maintain the original social relationships between the living and the dead. However, due to the centralized burial of the victims’ bodies and the local sealing of the victims, the original dialogue relationship between the living and the dead that can be completed by graveyards and tombstones cannot be established, so the non-religious mourning and memorial ceremonies of the victims in the regional community are strengthened, and therefore the re-discussion of various memorial ceremonies for the victims has become very important. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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SARS and Pandemic Studies：Five Critical Perspectives Chun-chun WANG 2023, 55 (4):  119-128.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.011 Abstract ( 227 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (756KB) ( 340 )   Save As the first pandemic in the 21st century, SARS has been an ongoing focus for both life sciences and social sciences. It offers a privileged case study to investigate both the long-term social memory of past pandemics as well as the hiatus dividing collective narratives from the individuals’ everyday experiences. Based on a systematic literature review of studies devoted to the social impact of SARS, this paper identifies five major perspectives that have shaped the attempt to theorize SARS in social sciences: a critique on modernity and governmentality, stigmatization and everyday life, the pandemic as an event, the pandemic as a source of individual experiences and memories, and social sciences as action. All of these constitute the whole image of narratives about the pandemic. Taking SARS as a fundamental case, this paper aims to construct a theoretical and experiential framework for future research on pandemic studies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Phenomenon，Development Differentiation and Spatial Mechanism of Local Cities Shrinkage in Yangtze River Economic Belt Yu-bo LIU, Xue-liang ZHANG 2023, 55 (4):  129-143.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.012 Abstract ( 200 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1415KB) ( 145 )   Save The shrinkage of some cities has a certain impact on the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Based on the population census and statistical data, this paper takes 110 cities in the Belt as the objects, identifies the shrinking cities in the Belt, and compares the development indicators of the main economic and social fields between the shrinking cities and the non-shrinking ones. Furthermore, it takes advantage of the “center-periphery” model and the data of commuting time to discuss the spatial mechanism of the change of urban population scale in different locations of the Belt. The conclusions are: (1) From 2010 to 2020, 52 cities in the Belt experienced a net loss of population, of which 26 cities continued the negative population growth trend since 2000. (2) There have been systematic differences between shrinking cities and non-shrinking ones in the Belt in terms of population age structure, education structure, industrial structure, public services and others, which means a development differentiation between shrinking cities and non-shrinking ones, a new type of regional disparity besides East-Middle-West and urban-rural areas. (3) The relative location with the central city affects the city size nonlinearly: the cities with the shortest commuting time from the central city less than 50 minutes could likely to obtain positive effect of population growth brought by agglomeration, while cities with the shortest commuting time from the central city between 50 and 450 minutes tend to experience urban shrinkage. Therefore, to promote the overall sustainable development of the Belt, we should optimize the urban system, strengthen the construction of the multimodal transportation network, and reasonably guide the shrinking cities to “slim down and keep healthy”. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Receiving Recognition Only from Outsiders?：Strategy Selection on Intergovernmental Yardstick Competition Bo ZHOU, Xin-Yue KONG, Chao ZHANG 2023, 55 (4):  144-161.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.013 Abstract ( 212 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1097KB) ( 207 )   Save Yardstick competition with GDP as the performance evaluation indicator between local governments has stimulated the enthusiasm of local governments to develop economy and improve their ability to obtain economic resources. With the increasingly obvious defects of the original indicators and China’s increasing emphasis on innovation-driven economic growth, changing performance evaluation indicators and repositioning yardsticks on yardstick competition between local governments are very important for China’s high-quality economic and social development. Given this, based on panel data of 105 cities in the Yangtze River Delta and its neighboring areas from 2011 to 2018, this paper uses a double difference model to evaluate the impact of the Yangtze River Delta integration policy planning on regional innovation, and discusses competitive strategy of selection of performance evaluation indicator and yardstick on competitions among local governments. The results show that neighboring cities of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration have included innovation in their core performance indicators for yardstick competition, while cities in the Yangtze River Delta still use GDP as their core performance indicator. Under the incentive of the Yangtze River Delta integration policy, the growth rate of innovation in neighboring cities of the Delta is higher than that in cities of the Delta, producing an effect of “receiving recognition only from outsiders”, and the result that innovation can effectively promote the promotion of local officials. Further analysis shows that yardstick selection should satisfy proximity and benchmarking. This study reveals that in order to promote yardstick competition among local governments and its effectiveness under intergovernmental economic and fiscal decentralization framework of China, we should pay attention to the long-term and innovative nature of performance evaluation indicators, and prevent this competition from expanding, and promote social governance through yardstick competition. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Living in Peace and Working in Contentment：On Factors Influencing Migrant Young Talents’ Settlement Intention in Metropolises Kai-ze WU 2023, 55 (4):  162-175.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.014 Abstract ( 495 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (981KB) ( 647 )   Save Based on the data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2014, 2016, and 2017 (CMDS 2014, CMDS 2016, and CMDS 2017), this paper develops an attraction-repulsion model from the perspective of immigration cities, focusing on the impact of occupation type, housing type, and living cost on the settlement intention of migrant young talents in China’s metropolises. The results indicate that migrant young talents who work in an in-system unit, or are engaged in management and professional technical work are more likely to settle down. Those who own property or live in the public rental housing also have strong settlement intention, whereas living in unit’s dormitories has a significant negative impact on their settlement intention. This study also finds an inverted U-shaped correlation between housing price-income ratio and settlement intentions among migrant young talents in metropolises. The settlement intention of migrant young talents differs among cities, while the influence of occupation status and housing type remains stable, the impact of relative housing prices exhibits significant heterogeneity across cities. To conclude, living in peace and working in contentment are crucial factors influencing migrant young talents’ settlement intention, and governments should take measures to ensure affordable and stable housing for young people to retain young talents. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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2023-4 Abstract 2023, 55 (4):  176-180.  Abstract ( 71 )   HTML ( 54 )   PDF (301KB) ( 27 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics