华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2015, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 98-105.doi: 10.16982/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.06.012

• 中国哲学与文化 • 上一篇    下一篇

君子固穷:比较视域中的运气、幸福与道德*

宋健   

  1. 华东师范大学哲学系
  • 出版日期:2015-11-15 发布日期:2015-12-13
  • 通讯作者: 宋健
  • 作者简介:宋健
  • 基金资助:

    本文受到华东师范大学“优秀博士学位论文培育行动计划”资助(项目编号:PY2014001)。

Thinking Through Misfortune:Luck,Happiness and Morality in a Comparative View

SONG Jian   

  • Online:2015-11-15 Published:2015-12-13
  • Contact: SONG Jian
  • About author:SONG Jian

摘要: “君子固穷”,不仅在摹写道德境遇(“命运”抑或“时运”),更规范着道德品格(知、情、意的统协)。儒家与康德伦理学深具“道义”色彩,视道德为责任与目的而非谋求幸福的手段;但两者的不同之处在于:就运气而言,康德为求道德的必然性,分别从现实与理想两个层面夹杀运气;儒家则将厄运升华为忧患意识,进而构成道德实践的动力。就幸福而言,康德在现实层面疏离幸福,仅把“德福一致”安放在“灵魂不朽”与“上帝存在”的公设之中;儒家同样承认经验世界的幸福有其偶然性,但“德福一致”并不一定只是抽象的玄谈,可在“成己成物”的人生境界中具体实现。

Abstract: "Gentleman in misfortune can still stick ambition", not only depict the moral situation in ("destiny" or "fortune"), more standardized moral character. Confucian and Kant ethics have deeply "moral" meaning, depending on the ethics of responsibility and purpose rather than seek a means of happiness; but the difference between the two is that: For the purposes of luck, Kant pursue the inevitability of morality, respectively, from the reality and ideal two levels kill luck; Then Confucianism will be condensed into the sense of doom, and thus constitute a force of moral practice. On happy terms, Kant alienation in the real level of happiness, only placed the "ethics and good fortune are consistent” in the postulate being of "immortality of the soul" and "the existence of God". But Confucian experience the same recognition as the world's happiness has its chance, but " ethics and good fortune are consistent "is not necessarily just an abstract mysterious talk. It can realize concretely in the realm life of" helping achieve oneself, others, and everything in the world".