华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2016, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 112-119.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.014

• 文学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

“国民”的隐现
——沦陷后期周作人的反启蒙姿态

袁一丹   

  1. 首都师范大学文学院,北京,100037
  • 出版日期:2016-03-15 发布日期:2016-03-29
  • 通讯作者: 袁一丹
  • 作者简介:袁一丹
  • 基金资助:

    本文系2014年北京市社科基金青年项目“抗战时期北京的都市文化空间”(14WYC060)的阶段性成果。

The Presence and Absence of “Guo Min” (Nation)——The Anti-Enlightenment Stance of Zhou Zuoren in the Later Period of Occupation

YUAN Yi-Dan   

  • Online:2016-03-15 Published:2016-03-29
  • Contact: YUAN Yi-Dan
  • About author:YUAN Yi-Dan

摘要: 沦陷意味着“国”与“民”的分离。1937年卢沟桥事变后,滞留在华北的民国国民,一夜间沦为亡国之民。“胜国之民,何言政事,何云国民?”“国民”的概念,恰是沦陷后期周作人谈论中国思想问题的切入点。从题为“中国的国民思想”的两次演说到收入文集的《中国的思想问题》,周作人对国民思想的诊断,由对内批判的立场,转向对外抗辩的姿态。“国民性”批判本质上是一套启蒙话语,“五四”时期周作人对国民劣根性的发掘,反而成为他四十年代思想转向的绊脚石。现实世界中被分裂的“国—民”,在周作人的文章中竟安然无恙,一方面可视为晚清种族革命经验的复活,另一方面须归因于“中华民国”在沦陷区实亡而名犹存。

Abstract: Being occupied indicated a separation of “min” (people) from “guo” (state). After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, the citizens of the Republic detained in North China were reduced to conquered people overnight. “胜国之民,何言政事,何云国民?” (People of a conquered nation, how could they discuss politics affairs, and how could they assert themselves as a nation?) The concept of “guo min” (nation) happened to serve as the entry point of Zhou Zuoren to deliberate the issues of Chinese thought in the later period of the Japanese occupation. From his two speeches titled “Chinese National Thought” to The Issues of Chinese Thought included in his collections, Zhou Zuoren’s diagnosis of the national thought turned from inward criticism to outward contradiction. The denunciation of the “national character” was in essence a set of enlightenment discourse, and the excavation of the deep-rooted bad habits of the nation by Zhou Zuoren during the “May Fourth” period performed conversely as a stumbling block to his change of thought in the fourties. The “guo — min” (state — people) separated in the real world stayed intact in Zhou Zuoren’s articles, which could be explained by a comeback of the racial revolution in the late Qing Dynasty but also should be attributed to the mere nominal existence of “the Republic of China” in the occupied area.