华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 46-62.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2018.03.005

• 世界史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

1960年代中国国家安全战略转变的若干问题再探讨

牛军   

  1. 北京大学国际关系学院, 北京, 100871
  • 出版日期:2018-05-15 发布日期:2018-05-22
  • 作者简介:牛军,北京大学国际关系学院教授(北京,100871)。
  • 基金资助:
    2017年国家社会科学基金重点项目"东亚冷战与中国对外关系研究"(项目编号:17ASS006)阶段性成果。

A Restudy of Several Issues in the Transformation of China's National Security Strategy in 1960s

NIU Jun   

  • Online:2018-05-15 Published:2018-05-22

摘要: 1960年代中期,中国国家安全战略开始发生重大变化,其结果是导致1970年代初中国对外政策的一次历史性转变,即与美国从对抗逐步转向和解。这次历史性转变大致从1964—1965年开始,主要是在两个系统的互动中展开和实现的。这两个系统分别是:一、在冷战体系中构建的中国分别同美苏两国的安全关系;二、新中国成立后经过处理战争、危机和国防事务而逐步形成的中国战略决策体系。深入分析和阐述这两个系统从1960年代中期开始的演变和它们之间的互动,特别是这种互动如何引发和推动了中国国家安全战略和对外政策的转变,对于理解冷战时代中国战略决策的演变和基本特征有重要价值,也为解读之后相继出现的中美建交(1969—1978)和中苏关系"正常化"(1979—1989)都用了将近十年这种特殊的历史进程,提供了更确切的出发点。

关键词: 中国对外政策, 国家安全战略, 决策, 冷战, “四人小组”

Abstract: China's national security strategy began to undergo a dramatic transformation in the middle of 1960s, which finally resulted in a historic shift of China's foreign policy in the early 1970s, that is, the Sino-US relations shifting from confrontation to reconciliation. Began roughly from 1964-1965, this transformation was mainly initiated and implemented in the interaction of the following two systems. One is the system of Sino-U.S. security relations and Sino-Soviet relations constructed in the Cold War system, and the other is China's strategic decision-making system, which gradually formed through handling the wars, crises and defense affairs after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It will be very helpful for understanding the evolution and basic characteristics of China's strategic decision-making in the Cold War to deeply analyze and interpret the transformation of these two systems since the mid-1960s and the interaction between them, and in particular, how this interaction has triggered and promoted the transformation of China's security strategy and foreign policy. This study will also provide a more accurate start point to interpret why the establishment of Sino-U.S. diplomatic relations(1969-1978) and the "normalization" of Sino-Soviet relations(1979-1989) respectively took almost ten years.

Key words: China's foreign policy, security strategy, decision making, Cold War, “Group of Four”