华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 60-69.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.03.007

• 冷战史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

冷战、核军备竞赛与苏联核中心的活动——以核研究与核部署为中心

赵万鑫, 张广翔   

  • 接受日期:2022-04-27 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-05-31
  • 作者简介:赵万鑫，吉林大学东北亚研究院博士研究生（长春，130012）|张广翔，吉林大学东北亚研究中心教授
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重大项目“苏联核计划档案文献资料翻译整理研究”（项目编号：15ZDB064）

The Cold War, the Nuclear Arms Race, and the Activities of Soviet Nuclear Centers: Centered on Nuclear Research and Deployment

Wan-xin ZHAO, Guang-xiang ZHANG   

  • Accepted:2022-04-27 Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-05-31

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摘要：

冷战时期，为追求自身绝对安全，取得军事上的优势地位，美苏核军备竞赛不断升级。“核中心”是苏联研制核武器，同美国展开核竞赛的科技中坚，代表了苏联核科学技术的最高水平。作为苏联制定对美核战略的军事技术基础，这些地理上“远离莫斯科的地方”却在国家安全和高层战略上与莫斯科休戚与共。“核中心”在核研究与核部署等方面发挥了重要作用，尤其是它在古巴导弹危机前后的活动也映射出1960—1970年代美苏核安全关系从“核缓和”到“核平衡”的嬗变过程。循此微观层面的科技史视角加以考察，美苏冷战与核军备竞赛的历史昭示出，冲突和对抗无法为国家治理赢得荣名，只有共建人类命运共同体，才能共享一个普遍安全的世界。

关键词: 冷战, 核武器, 核计划, 核军备竞赛, 苏联核中心

Abstract:

During the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet nuclear arms race escalated in pursuit of absolute security and military superiority. The “nuclear centers” were the backbone of the Soviet Union’s nuclear arms race with the United States and represented the highest level of Soviet nuclear science and technology. As the military-technical basis for the Soviet Union’s nuclear strategy against the U.S., they were closely linked to Moscow in terms of national security and high-level strategy, although they were geographically “far from Moscow”. They played an important role in nuclear research and deployment. Especially, their activities before and after the Cuban missile crisis also mapped the transition from “nuclear détente” to “nuclear balance” in U.S.-Soviet nuclear security relations in the 1960s and 1970s. Examined through the lens of this micro-level history of science and technology, the history of the U.S.-Soviet Cold War and nuclear race shows that conflict and confrontation cannot win honor for national governance, and that only by building a human community with a shared future can we share a world of universal security.

Key words: Cold War, nuclear weapons, nuclear program, nuclear arms race, Soviet nuclear centers