华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 141-151.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.03.015

• 城镇化与城市发展研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

独居老人广义居家养老保障状况及其精准关爱——基于中国大城市城区70岁及以上独居老人的问卷调查

桂世勋   

  1. 华东师范大学人口研究所 上海, 200062
  • 出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2019-05-22
  • 作者简介:桂世勋,华东师范大学人口研究所教授,博士生导师(上海,200062)。
  • 基金资助:

    国家社科基金重大项目"未来十年我国城市老年人口居家养老保障体系研究"（项目编号：12&ZD212）。

Home Care Security and Targeted Care for the Elderly Living Alone in a Broad Sense: Based on Questionnaire of the Elderly Aged 70 and Above Who Live Alone in Urban Areas of Big Cities in China

GUI Shi-xun   

  • Online:2019-05-15 Published:2019-05-22

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摘要：

独居老人是"居家养老"中最困难的老年群体，70岁及以上的独居老人又是独居老人中更困难的群体。基于对成都市、呼和浩特市、大连市、广州市、上海市的城区3363名70岁及以上独居老人的收人保障、医疗保障、服务保障、参与保障、环境保障状况和需求调查数据分析，可以发现，70岁及以上的独居老人在关爱类别的迫切需求上可细分为不同的特点，其"重中之重"的关爱对象也较为明确。有鉴于此，政府和社会应从供给侧完善对我国城区独居老人精准关爱的政策措施：强化"精准关爱"的理念；精准筛选独居老人中的重点关爱人群；精准确定不同需求独居老人的关爱措施；精准构建高龄体弱独居老人的全天候多重应急呼叫网络；精准推进符合大多数独居老人有效需求的机构养老；在社区层面尽快建立"独居老人信息库"。

关键词: 城市独居老人, 居家养老保障, 精准关爱

Abstract:

The elderly living alone in urban areas form the most difficult group in home care and those aged 70 and above are more difficult among them. Investigating 3363 elderly aged 70 and above and living alone in Chengdu, Dalian, Guangzhou, Hohhot and Shanghai, and collecting and analyzing data on their income security, medical security, service security, participation security, environment security and their needs, this paper finds out that there are diverse characteristics on the need for caring and the group that need targeted care most is explicit. Therefore, the government and the society should improve some policy suggestions on targeted care for the elderly living alone in urban areas on the supply side, including strengthening the notion of targeted care, precisely selecting focus groups of the elderly living alone, exactly determining different care measures for the elderly living alone with different demands, exactly establishing a all-weather and multifunctional system of emergency service call for the weak people of advanced age, effectively advancing institutional care for the elderly living alone and quickly establishing database on the elderly living alone in community.

Key words: the elderly living alone in urban areas, home care security, targeted care