华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 58-67.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.006

• 中国古代史专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

从吴王到皇帝——孙吴立国江东与六朝政治统绪的形成

刘雅君   

  1. 上海大学社会科学学部, 上海, 200444
  • 发布日期:2020-01-14
  • 作者简介:刘雅君,上海大学社会科学学部副教授(上海,200444)。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市社科规划一般课题"国家与社会关系视野下东晋南朝的江南文化"（项目编号：2019BLS006）。

From King Wu to Emperor: The Founding of the State of Wu in Jiangdong and the Forming of the Political System in the Six Dynasties

LIU Ya-jun   

  • Published:2020-01-14

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摘要： 孙吴立国具有肇始六朝的历史内涵。孙吴的皇权建构在内部受制于江东化进程，在外部受制于与魏、蜀的关系，经过了孙权称吴王与称皇帝两个阶段。汉祚终结时，江东内部并不支持孙权称尊号，孙权通过寻求曹魏的策命来建构王权。黄武四年（225）以后，孙权与江东大族的关系进入到顺畅期，同时外部压力减轻，故而孙权得以在黄龙元年（229）称帝并迁都建业。称帝后的孙权以压制官僚层来伸张皇权，留太子孙登守武昌，即针对陆逊等实权派官僚，然而皇权的分割导致太子成为皇帝之外的另一政治权威，动摇了皇权自我延续的根基。

关键词: 孙吴, 六朝, 江东, 政治统绪, 政治地理

Abstract: The founding of the Kingdom Wu had historical significance to the founding of the Six Dynasties. The imperial power construction of the Kingdom Wu, interiorly restrained by the development of the region of Jiangdong (East of Yangtze River) and exteriorly influenced by the relationship between the Kingdoms of Wei and Shu, experienced two stages:SUN Quan's crowning himself as King Wu and then as the Emperor. At the end of the Han Dynasty, SUN Quan sought to construct imperial power through the royal order of the State of Wei reigned by CAO Family when he was not supported to claim King in the region of Jiangdong. After the fourth year of Huangwu (225 C. E.), the relationship between SUN Quan and major clans in Jiangdong became smooth, together with loosened exterior stress, and hence SUN was able to claim Emperor and establish the capital in Jianye (today's Nanjing) in the first year of Huanglong. After his claim of Emperor, SUN expanded his imperial power by suppressing the bureaucracy. His assignment of Prince SUN Deng to guard Wuchang City was actually an action of suppressing[JP2]bureaucratic officials such as LU Xun who had real power. However, the division of imperial power led to the result that Prince became another imperial authority besides the Emperor, which shook the foundation for the imperial power to continue.

Key words: Kingdom of Wu, Six Dynasties, Jiangdong, political system, geopolitical landscape