华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 162-178.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.016

• 当下经济问题探讨 • 上一篇    下一篇

创新要素空间错配及其创新效率损失:模型分解与中国证据

董直庆1,2, 胡晟明2   

  1. 1 华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心;
    2 华东师范大学经济与管理学部, 上海, 200241
  • 发布日期:2020-01-14
  • 作者简介:董直庆,华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心/经济与管理学部教授,博士生导师;胡晟明,华东师范大学经济与管理学部博士研究生(上海,200241)。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目"要素与技术耦合视角下技术进步偏向性的形成机理、路径转换和跨国传递机制研究"(项目编号:71573088);国家社科基金重点项目"供给侧结构性改革下东北老工业基地创新要素流动集聚与空间结构优化研究"(项目编号:17AZD009);华东师范大学"幸福之花"先导研究基金项目"人工智能技术的劳动就业替代与岗位创造效应及劳动力市场新格局研究"。

Spatial Misallocation of Innovation Factors and Efficiency Loss: Model Analysis and China's Evidence

DONG Zhi-qing1,2, HU Sheng-ming2   

  • Published:2020-01-14

摘要: 既有文献关注了生产要素错配引发全要素生产率损失问题,但普遍忽视创新要素诸如R&D人员和R&D资本错配,以及要素质量和投入结构差异可能引发的创新效率损失。为此,有必要将要素分类引入空间错配分析框架,选择省级面板数据测算创新要素错配及其引发的创新效率损失。其实证结果显示:(1)中国创新要素空间错配显著且对创新效率影响突出,创新要素错配的改善将会促使整体创新效率年均提升约0.7%。(2)不同类型创新要素错配及其引发的创新效率损失差异显著,R&D资本错配引发的创新效率损失明显更大,且相对于基础研究和应用研究,试验发展类R&D资本空间错配情况更突出并对整体创新效率影响更大;同时,R&D人员类型中的低技能人员易发生更高程度的错配。因此,为促进中国研发创新效率提升,政府应将地区特征与要素类型差异作为合理配置创新资源的重要考量条件。

关键词: 创新要素, 空间错配, 创新效率, R&D人员, R&D资本

Abstract: Current study has focused on the loss of total factor productivity caused by the misallocation of production factors, but generally ignores the misallocation of innovation factors such as R&D personnel and R&D capital, and the loss of innovation efficiency due to differences in the factor quality and input structure. This paper introduces the classification of factors into the framework of the spatial misallocation, and selects the provincial panel data to measure the misallocation and the loss of innovation efficiency. The results show that the spatial misallocation of innovation factors is serious and has severely obstructed the innovation efficiency in China. Mitigating the misallocation of innovation factors will promote an average annual increase of 0.7% in innovation efficiency. Furthermore, there exist significant differences in the misallocation and the resulting efficiency losses of various innovation factors. The misallocation of R&D capital leads to greater efficiency losses. Compared with basic research and applied research, the R&D capital of experimental development is more deeply misallocated and has a greater impact on innovation efficiency. Meanwhile, low-and medium-skilled labor is more likely to be misallocated. Therefore, in order to improve the innovation efficiency in China, the government should take regional differences and element types as important considerations for the rational allocation of innovation resources.

Key words: innovation factors, spatial misallocation, innovation efficiency, R&D personnel, R&D capital