华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 34-42.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.05.004

• 对话大师 • 上一篇    下一篇

涂尔干、阿尔都塞、阿隆论孟德斯鸠与西方思想的转折

崇明   

  1. 北京大学历史学系(北京, 100871)
  • 出版日期:2020-09-15 发布日期:2020-09-19
  • 作者简介:崇明,北京大学历史学系副教授(北京,100871)。

Durkheim, Althusser and Aron on Montesquieu and the Turn of Western Thought

CHONG Ming   

  • Online:2020-09-15 Published:2020-09-19

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摘要： 王养冲先生探讨了孟德斯鸠对西方社会学的兴起所做出的先驱性贡献，特别是他对社会学奠基人孔德的影响。在孔德之后，社会学家涂尔干、马克思主义哲学家阿尔都塞、自由主义思想家阿隆均专文论述了孟德斯鸠在西方思想史上扮演的继往开来的转折性角色，特别是他对于现代社会科学的兴起做出的开拓性贡献。不过，涂尔干和阿尔都塞都批评孟德斯鸠仍然囿于传统哲学而未能充分展开其社会学研究的科学性，阿隆则指出应严肃对待孟德斯鸠思想中的哲学内涵。这一分歧不仅仅关系到哲学和社会科学的学科差异，而且涉及事实与价值、多元与普遍的关系这样的现代学术乃至现代性本身的根本问题。

关键词: 王养冲, 孟德斯鸠, 涂尔干, 阿尔都塞, 阿隆

Abstract: WANG Yang-Chong analyzed the precursory contribution of Montesquieu to the rise of Western sociology, particular his influence on its founding father, Auguste Comte. After Comte, sociologist Émile Durkheim, Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser and liberal philosopher Raymond Aron also discussed the pivotal role of Montesquieu in the history of Western thought, particularly his pioneering contribution to the emergence of modern social sciences. Durkheim and Althusser argued that Montesquieu didn't fully develop the scientific character of his social studies because he was bound by the traditional philosophy, while Aron emphasized that the philosophical nature of Montesquieu's thought should be taken seriously. This divergence concerns not only the difference of disciplines between philosophy and social sciences, but also the relationship between fact and value and that between plurality and universality, which are fundamental to modern scholarship and modernity.

Key words: WANG Yang-Chong, Montesquieu, Émile Durkheim, Louis Althusser, Raymond Aron