华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 62-73.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.02.006

• 中国史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

民初学术评议：超前制度设计的失败

张剑   

  • 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-03-26
  • 作者简介:张剑，上海社会科学院历史研究所研究员 （上海，200235）
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金项目“民国学术评议制度的创建与学术发展研究”（15BZS084）

On Academic Evaluation in the Early Years of the Republic of China：The Failure of Premature System Design

Jian ZHANG   

  • Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-03-26

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摘要：

共和制度的初建，给文人学士们极大的想象空间，他们以学术独立于政治的理念要求政府仿照西方先进国家制度设立函夏考文苑或学士院，进行学术奖励与研究。但是，政府却以选举参议员的欲求设立学术性社团中央学会；后更有奖学基金、学术评定会与学术审定会等筹设以开启学术评议工作。无论是文人学士们欲借助政府力量达其学术评议理想、政府欲借助学术力量完成其政治目标，还是政府想通过制度设计来开启学术评议，除当时混乱而动荡的政治、社会经济局面而外，相对当时毫无近代学术根基的现状，自然都是超前的制度设计，失败从开始就已命定。

关键词: 民国初年, 学术评议, 学术独立, 超前制度设计

Abstract:

The establishment of republicanism aroused huge imagination space among intellectuals. With the idea of academic independence from politics, they asked the government to set up Hanxia Academy following the system of advanced Western countries to conduct academic awards and research. Strangely, the government established the Central Society for academic groups to meet the request of electing senators. Later, scholarship funds, the academic evaluation committee and the academic assessment committee were also set up to conduct academic evaluation. In the situation with no academic foundation at that time, the scholars’ wish of using the power of the government to achieve their academic evaluation goals, the government’s wish of using academic power to complete its political goals, and the government’s wish of starting academic evaluation through institutional design were all part of a premature system design. The fate of failure had been determined from the very beginning.

Key words: early years of the ROC, academic evaluation, academic independence, premature system design