华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 111-118.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.010

• 人类学研究 • 上一篇    

死生之间：灾害与仪礼——以5·12汶川大地震灾后为例

张曦   

  • 接受日期:2023-06-23 出版日期:2023-07-15 发布日期:2023-08-01
  • 作者简介:张曦，中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院教授（北京，100081）
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重大项目“公共卫生安全视域下的‘灾害文化’与强韧社会构建研究”（项目编号：20＆ZD152）；国家社科基金一般项目“少数民族地区命运共同体的建构研究”（项目编号：18BM037）

Between Life and Death，Disaster and Ritual：A Case Study of May 12th Wenchuan Earthquake

Xi ZHANG   

  • Accepted:2023-06-23 Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-08-01

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摘要：

在灾后重建非常成功的“汶川经验”背后，灾害导致的巨大数量人员的遇难给灾区共同体社会所带来的精神性、心理性创伤仍需要时间来加以抚平，诸多仪式依旧维系着生者与死者的原有的社会性关系。在实际经验中，因遇难者遗体的集中埋葬、遇难地就地封存，使得原有的可以借助墓地、墓碑完成的生者与死者的对话关系无法成立，因此地域共同体社会中遇难者的非宗教性的悼念、追思等仪式得以强化。在此背景下，对遇难者的种种纪念仪式的再探讨也就变得十分重要。

关键词: 仪礼, 汶川大地震, 面对面

Abstract:

Behind the successful “Wenchuan experience” of post-disaster reconstruction, it still takes time to heal the spiritual and psychological trauma to the community in the disaster area due to the huge number of people killed by the disaster, and many rituals still maintain the original social relationships between the living and the dead. However, due to the centralized burial of the victims’ bodies and the local sealing of the victims, the original dialogue relationship between the living and the dead that can be completed by graveyards and tombstones cannot be established, so the non-religious mourning and memorial ceremonies of the victims in the regional community are strengthened, and therefore the re-discussion of various memorial ceremonies for the victims has become very important.

Key words: ritual, Wenchuan earthquake, face-to-face