智慧康养服务模式下认知症老人服务质量提升的路径探析

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2024.03.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在不断加快的老龄化进程中，认知症老年人数量与日俱增，如何为他们提供高质量、专业化的照护服务成为一项重要的社会议题。智慧康养服务模式作为一种革新的养老服务模式，在改善老年人的照护效果和生活质量方面展现出巨大的潜力，在认知症的预防和早期筛查、认知症的临床诊疗与康复、认知症老年人的居家照护等方面，也提供了新的发展方向。然而，从智慧康养服务供应端看，目前仍存在智慧化程度不突出、服务效益滞后及消费市场活力不够、深层次需求挖掘不足及人文关怀特征欠缺、隐私权可能受损及数据安全性难以保障等发展瓶颈；从需求端看，则存在疾病特征阻碍服务接受度、经济负担限制服务消费积极性、技术焦虑制约服务普及等问题的困扰。有鉴于此，在加强科技与企业创新的广度和深度、深化多方主体间的共享与合作、建立产业标准与服务规范、健全监管与反馈机制的同时，有关各方应增加技术的安全性以保障认知症老年人的权益和安全，增加智慧照护产品的友好性和亲和性，培养认知症老年人及家属的数字素养，发挥医疗和护理人员的专业作用，释放认知症群体消费潜力并激发智慧康养市场活力，从而加快我国认知症老年人照护的智慧化进程。

关键词: 认知症, 智慧康养, 智慧养老, 老年人照护, 服务质量, 信息技术

Abstract:

As the aging process accelerates, the number of elderly people with cognitive impairment continues to rise, making the provision of high-quality, specialized care service a significant social issue. The intelligent health care, as an innovative eldercare service model, shows great potential in improving the care for and life quality of the elderly. It also offers new directions in the prevention and early screening of cognitive impairment, clinical diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation, and home care for elderly people with cognitive impairment. However, as far as intelligent health care service providers are concerned, there are still development bottlenecks such as undeveloped intelligent technology, lagging service benefits, insufficient market dynamism, inadequate exploration of deep-seated needs, lack of humanistic care, potential infringement of privacy rights, and difficulties in ensuring data security. As for the demand side, issues such as disease characteristics hindering service acceptance, economic burdens limiting consumer enthusiasm for service, and technology anxiety restraining service popularization pose challenges. In light of this, it is imperative to enhance the breadth and depth of technological and corporate innovation, deepen sharing and cooperation among multiple parties, establish industry standards and service norms, and improve regulatory and feedback mechanisms. Relevant parties should increase the security of technology to protect the rights and safety of elderly people with cognitive impairment, enhance the user-friendliness and approachability of intelligent care products, foster digital literacy among elderly people with cognitive impairment and their families, leverage the professional roles of medical and nursing staff, unlock the consumption potential of the cognitive impairment group, and stimulate the vitality of the intelligent health care market, thus accelerating the intelligent care process for elderly people with cognitive impairment in China.

Key words: cognitive impairment, intelligent health care, intelligent eldercare, eldercare, quality of service, information technology

钟仁耀, 马微波. 智慧康养服务模式下认知症老人服务质量提升的路径探析[J]. 华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2024, 56(3): 164-174.

Renyao ZHONG, Weibo MA. How to Improve the Quality of the Service for the Elderly with Cognitive Impairment under the Mode of Intelligent Health Care Service[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2024, 56(3): 164-174.

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参考文献 0

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维度	指标	定义
可靠性	技术稳定性	智能设备和系统的运行稳定，不会频繁出现故障或中断
	数据准确性	智能监测和传感技术收集的数据准确无误，提供准确的健康信息和反馈
	服务交付的可靠性	承诺的服务能够按时、按量、按质地提供给认知症老年人，不出现延迟或失误
响应性	实时性	及时回应认知症老年人的请求和问题，不延迟或拖延
	敏捷性	快速解决认知症老年人遇到的困难和需求，提供迅速的帮助和支持
	有效性	解决问题的回应和措施是实际有效的，能够满足认知症老年人的期望和需求
保证性	隐私和安全保护	对认知症老年人的个人信息和数据进行严格的隐私和安全管理，防止泄露和滥用
	服务合规性	遵守相关法规和规定，保证提供的服务符合法律和伦理要求
	长期性承诺	对认知症老年人提供长期稳定的服务，保持服务的连续性和可持续性
移情性	个性化关怀	根据认知症老年人的需求和特点，提供温暖、关心和贴心的服务
	人性化沟通	通过温和、友善的沟通方式与认知症老年人建立有效的沟通和互动
	心理支持	对认知症老年人提供心理上的支持和鼓励，帮助他们保持积极的情绪和心态
有形性	技术设备	提供的智能设备和技术工具具有先进、现代的外观和功能，符合用户的期望和审美
	界面设计	智能设备和系统的用户界面设计简洁明了，提供清晰、易懂的图像、文本或指示，易于操作和使用
	环境舒适	提供的智慧康养服务环境（如居住环境、社交活动场所等）舒适、安全，符合认知症老年人的生活习惯和需求

类型	用途
健康监测系统	结合物联网和传感器技术，可以实时监测认知症老年人的生理指标和活动情况，例如心率、血压、步数、睡眠质量等。这些数据可以用于评估病情和提供个性化的康养建议
定位系统	借助装有实时定位系统和传感器系统的智能设备来监控患者的位置和行为。通过基本的传感器触发或通过学习患者常规行为模式的以人工智能学习算法的方式检测异常行为，并向照护人员发送警报
语音识别和自然语言处理	利用语音识别和自然语言处理技术，可以开发智能助手或聊天机器人，与认知症老人进行交流，安慰患者的不良情绪，提供精神支持
物联网智能家居	将家居设备与物联网连接，使其能够自动化和智能化。例如，根据患者的行为和喜好进行智能灯光、智能门锁、智能日历等调整，以提供更舒适和安全的居住环境
患者辅导系统/认知训练	通过环境传感器/摄像头和/或患者佩戴的设备对生理、心理和行为数据进行记录。利用虚拟现实（VR）和增强现实（AR）创建模拟环境和情境，帮助认知症老年人进行记忆和认知训练。引导认知症老年人完成日常任务、体育锻炼和认知训练计划
脑机接口	通过脑机接口技术，将大脑信号转化为指令，使认知症老年人能够通过思维控制设备，如电脑或轮椅，以帮助患者保持独立性和自主性
面部识别设备	通过摄像头、智能设备和面部识别软件帮助认知症老年人识别与他们互动的人，并提醒与他们互动的人的名字以及与他们之间的关系