华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 205-226.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.016

• 社会经济发展问题探讨 • 上一篇    

中国养老金指数构建与测度评价

路锦非, 刘慧敏   

  • 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-10-09
  • 作者简介:路锦非,华东师范大学公共管理学院/中国普惠养老金融研究中心教授(上海,200062)
    刘慧敏,华东师范大学公共管理学院博士研究生
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金一般项目“推进养老金全国统筹的参与方行为激励与权益保障机制研究”(项目编号:72174064);中央高校基本科研业务费项目“华东师范大学文理交叉跨学科培育项目”(批准号:2025ECNU-WLJC006);华东师范大学文理交叉跨学科培育项目“普惠养老金融”。

The Construction and Measurement Evaluation of a China’s Pension Index

Jinfei Lu, Huimin Liu   

  • Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-10-09

摘要:

养老金制度体系运行状况关乎亿万民众福祉。在我国人口老龄化、养老金代际支撑压力大、养老金制度体系复杂且发展不平衡的背景下,充分考虑影响老年经济保障的宏观和微观因素,构建指标体系,编制中国养老金指数,具有重要意义。基于此,运用权威、公开数据,采用主客观相结合的方法,测度分析2024—2025年我国各省份养老金指数总体情况及在充足性、可持续性、均衡性、完备性维度上的运行情况,并进一步分析养老金制度体系整体运行的动态变动趋势,可以发现,我国养老金整体保障水平处于良性区间,养老金制度体系运行不断改善,但发展质量有待提高,区域差异悬殊且呈现不断加剧态势,养老金均衡性和完备性有待提高。为此,政府应进一步提高养老金的均衡性和完备性,以促进养老金制度体系高质量发展。

关键词: 养老金制度体系, 养老金指数, 中国养老金指数, 人口老龄化

Abstract:

The operational status of the pension system is vital to the well-being of hundreds of millions of people. Against the backdrop of China’s aging population, high pressure on intergenerational support for pensions, a complex institutional system, and unbalanced development, it is significant to construct an indicator system and compile a China’s pension index when fully considering the macro and micro factors affecting the economic security for the elderly. Taking advantage of authoritative and public data, and using a method combining subjective and objective approaches, this paper measures and analyzes the pension security level of various provinces in China from 2024 to 2025, as well as their operational performance in the dimensions of adequacy, sustainability, balance, and comprehensiveness. Further analysis of the dynamic change trend of the overall operation of the pension system reveals that China’s overall pension security level is in a sound range, and the operation of the pension system is constantly improving; however, the quality of development needs to be enhanced, regional disparities are significant and showing a worsening trend, and the balance and comprehensiveness of pensions need to be improved. In response to this, the government should further enhance the balance and comprehensiveness of pensions to promote the high-quality development of the pension system.

Key words: pension system, pension index, China’s pension index, aging population