华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 1-8.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.06.001

• 中国哲学与文化 •    

略论儒学对中国传统科学的塑造

陈卫平   

  • 接受日期:2025-10-25 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-12-06
  • 作者简介:陈卫平，华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所教授（上海，200241）

On the Shaping of Traditional Chinese Science by Confucianism

Weiping Chen   

  • Accepted:2025-10-25 Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-12-06

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摘要：

儒学是如何塑造中国传统科学的？仁智统一的价值观引领了传统科学四个主干学科的发展，同时也导致知识伦理学化的问题；以气释物的自然观把科学研究的自然界看作物质性的存在，但未能对物质的具体结构、形态、运动规律等作进一步探究；阴阳矛盾的方法论突出辩证思维的运用，却缺失了形式逻辑的明晰性；格物致知的认识论肯定对自然之理的探究，而这服务于体认至善之理的伦理之理；会通超胜的互鉴观促进了来自不同文明的科学的融合，但在明清之际衍生出的“西学中源”说则走向崇古守旧；依附经学的知识形态显示了知识辩证发展而形成的独特传统，但科学著作的拟经化也带来某些消极影响。儒学对传统科学的塑造，既有值得吸取的精华，也存在需要克服的缺陷。

关键词: 儒学, 传统科学, 塑造

Abstract:

For a long time, it was believed that Confucianism had a negative impact on the development of traditional science in China. Since the reform and opening up, many research results have showed that Confucianism had a positive impact on the development of traditional science. Both of these views have a certain degree of validity and historical basis. Whether positive or negative, these impacts reflect the shaping role of Confucianism in traditional Chinese science. From the following six aspects, that is, values, view of nature, methodology, epistemology, mutual learning and knowledge forms, we can understand how Confucianism shaped traditional science. There are both quintessence worth absorbing and defects that need to be overcome.

Key words: Confucianism, traditional science, shaping