华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 130-144.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.06.012

• 社会学研究 • 上一篇    

公共政策的上升期望效应——脱贫攻坚与公众主观地位认同

杜娟, 朱旭峰   

  • 接受日期:2025-11-07 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-12-06
  • 作者简介:杜娟,华东师范大学公共管理学院副教授(上海,200062)
    朱旭峰,清华大学公共管理学院教授(北京,100084)
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(项目编号:72304100);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“实现联合国可持续发展目标的国家治理体系研究”(项目编号:23JZD042)。

The Rising Expectation Effect of Public Policy:Poverty Alleviation and Subjective Status Identity

Juan Du, Xufeng Zhu   

  • Accepted:2025-11-07 Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-12-06

摘要:

地位认同是民众对国家认同的基础,而公共政策如何影响主观地位认同是学界常忽略的重要问题。本文借助社会认知视角下的社会比较理论,构建了“上升期望—价值期望—价值能力”理论模型,揭示了公共政策对主观地位认同的塑造机制。本文基于2012~2018年“中国家庭追踪调查”7万多全国代表性城乡居民样本,分析发现脱贫攻坚政策激发了人们对于自身发展的期待,而自我期许和能力之间的差距引发了主观地位压力。进一步分析表明,脱贫攻坚导致社会群体内部出现主观地位认同的分化,对先期自我预期较高者和政策受益群体的地位认同影响尤其显著。本研究探讨主观地位认同形成的治理根源,为理解宏观公共政策对微观公众认知的影响提供了启示。

关键词: 社会认知, 上升期望, 地位认同, 主观社会经济地位, 脱贫攻坚

Abstract:

Status identity is the foundation of individuals’ national identity, yet how public policy affects subjective status identity has been largely overlooked. Drawing on social comparison theory from a social cognitive perspective, this paper constructs a theoretical model of “rising expectations— value expectations— value capability” to elucidate the mechanism through which public policy influences subjective status identity. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies, which encompasses over 70,000 nationally representative samples of urban and rural residents from 2012 to 2018, this study finds that poverty alleviation policies have stimulated individuals’ aspirations for self-development, while the gap between these self-expectations and actual capabilities has induced subjective status pressure. Further analysis indicates that poverty alleviation has led to a differentiation in subjective status identity within social groups, with pronounced effects among those with high prior expectations and policy beneficiaries. This study delves into the governance root underpinnings of status identity and sheds light on the impact of macro public policies on micro social cognition of the public.

Key words: social cognition, rising expectation, status identity, status identity, poverty alleviation