华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 162-179.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.06.014

• 金融问题研究 • 上一篇    

政策性银行信贷对企业全要素生产率的影响——以新质生产力发展为中介的实证分析

吴信如, 艾思言   

  • 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-12-06
  • 作者简介:吴信如,华东师范大学经济与管理学院教授(上海,200062),上海交通大学现代金融研究中心特聘研究员(上海,200030)
    艾思言,通讯作者,华东师范大学经济与管理学院博士生

The Impact of Policy Bank Credit on Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises:Empirical Analysis Mediated by the Development of New Quality Productivity

Xinru Wu, Siyan Ai   

  • Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-12-06

摘要:

在高质量发展阶段,政策性银行凭借制度优势助力新质生产力培育。本文基于手工构建的2012—2022年A股上市企业政策性银行信贷数据,考察其对企业全要素生产率的影响,并结合新质生产力理论探讨相关的机制、异质性及结构导向,结果发现:政策性银行信贷显著提升企业全要素生产率;机制检验表明,该效应通过推动企业技术创新、绿色转型与人力资本升级实现,契合新质生产力内涵;异质性分析显示,政策性银行信贷对企业全要素生产率的提升作用对商业类国企、技术密集型民企、高竞争行业及低银行竞争地区更强。此外,政策性银行信贷结构受产业政策与区域协调引导,对具备制造、高新技术等复合属性或处于中西部地区的企业全要素生产率提升的作用更显著。因此,应优化政策性银行职能,强化其在结构转型和效率提升中的作用。

关键词: 政策性银行信贷, 全要素生产率, 新质生产力, 信贷结构, 上市企业数据

Abstract:

In the stage of China’s high-quality development, policy banks help cultivate new quality productivity with their institutional advantages. Based on the loan contract data of A-share listed firms from 2012 to 2022, this paper manually constructs firm-level policy bank credit indicators, examines their impact on firms’ total factor productivity, and explores the mechanism path, heterogeneity characteristics and structural allocation effects with the theory of new quality productivity. The study finds that policy bank credit significantly enhances firms’ total factor productivity. The mechanism test shows that this effect is mainly realized through technological innovation, green transformation and human capital structure upgrade, which fits the development path of new quality productivity. Heterogeneity analysis shows more pronounced positive impacts in commercial state-owned firms, technology-intensive private firms, highly competitive industries, and regions with relatively insufficient financial supply. Furthermore, policy banks’ implementation of industrial policy and regional coordination in structural allocation demonstrates stronger TFP promotion effects for firms with composite attributes such as manufacturing, high-tech, and green, and those in central and western regions. Therefore, the positioning of policy-based finance should be improved and its role in structural transformation, efficiency improvement and inclusive financial services should be strengthened.

Key words: policy bank credit, total factor productivity, new quality productive forces, credit structure, listed firms’ data