华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (1): 35-46.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2026.01.004

• 历史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

微观史与商周史的结合与反思——以商末周初宅的人生史为中心

王进锋   

  • 接受日期:2025-12-23 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-02-02
  • 作者简介:王进锋，华东师范大学历史学系教授（上海，200241）
  • 基金资助:
    上海市2023年度曙光计划项目；上海市2024年度东方英才青年项目。

The Combination of and Reflection on Microhistory and the History of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties： Centering on the Life History of the Official Zhai in the Late Shang Dynasty and the Early Zhou Dynasty

Jinfeng Wang   

  • Accepted:2025-12-23 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-02-02

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摘要：

近50年来，全球范围兴起的“微观史”研究路径给史学研究带来了生趣、亲切的局面。然而，商周史学者由于关注重点的不同，较少运用这种方法。通过梳理甲骨、金文及传世文献记载，能够以商末周初的官员“宅”为个案，复原其跨越商周两朝的人生轨迹：宅在商末帝辛时期由“瞽史”升任“作册”；商周鼎革之际，他未为商朝死难，而是选择投奔到周朝；西周成王初年，其职务降为“小臣”，后因积极效忠而重获信任，在成王晚年再度被任命为“作册”。“微观史”研究路径可以弥补商周史研究中“有物无人”、生动性、趣味性不足的弊端，可有效增强商周史研究的叙事性、亲切感与人文关怀，是值得重视和运用的研究路径。

关键词: 微观史, 商周史, 宅, 作册, 小臣, 个体生命历程

Abstract:

Over the past 50 years, the “microhistory” approach emerged globally has brought a lively and amiable atmosphere to historical studies. However, scholars who study the history of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, due to their different focuses, have rarely employed this method. By combing oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and historical records, the life trajectory of the official called as Zhai during the late Shang Dynasty and the early Zhou Dynasty can be reconstructed as a case: Zhai was promoted from the position of “Gushi” to “Zuoce” during the reign of King Xin in the late Shang Dynasty; at the time of the transition from Shang to Zhou, he did not die for the Shang but chose to defect to the Zhou; in the early years of King Cheng of Zhou, his position was demoted to the position of “Xiaochen”, but later, due to his loyalty to the royal court, he regained the trust of the king and was reappointed as “Zuoce” in the later years of King Cheng. The “microhistory” approach can make up for the shortcomings of “having objects but no humans”, and the lack of vividness and interest in the history studies of Shang and Zhou, and effectively enhance the narrative quality, intimacy and humanistic care. It is a research approach worthy of attention and application.

Key words: microhistory, history of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Zhai, Zuoce, Xiaochen, individual life course