从理想到暴政——古典时代希腊人的雅典民主观

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.008

华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2003, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 49-56, 120.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.008

从理想到暴政——古典时代希腊人的雅典民主观

晏绍祥

华中师范大学历史文化学院，武汉 430079

收稿日期:2003-09-10 出版日期:2003-11-01 发布日期:2025-12-15
作者简介:晏绍祥(1962-), 男, 安徽省金寨县人, 华中师范大学历史文化学院教授

From Politeia to Ochlocracy: Athenian Democracy in Writings of the Classical Greek Age

Shao-xiang YAN

Received:2003-09-10 Online:2003-11-01 Published:2025-12-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

古典时代希腊人有关雅典民主的看法是矛盾的。部分政治家和雅典的普通公民如伯里克利、德莫斯提尼等认为, 正是因为有了民主制度, 雅典才强大和美丽, 因此它是一种理想的政治制度。但从公元前5世纪末起, 由于雅典在伯罗奔尼撒战争中的失败, 民主制度缺点的暴露, 哲学家、历史学家如柏拉图、修昔底德、色诺芬等开始从各个角度批评雅典的民主制度。雅典民主因此被看成是不断衰败、政治混乱、无法无天的暴民政治。

关键词: 雅典民主, 理想政体, 暴民政治

Abstract:

The classical Greek evaluation of Athenian democracy was contradictory. Some of politicians and ordinary citizens, such as Pericles, Protagoras and Demosthenes, argued that it was democracy that caused Athens to become powerful and beautiful and therefore it was an ideal political system. After Athens' failure in the Peloponnesian War, however, some historians and philosophers such as Thucydides, Xenophon and Plato began to criticize Athenian democracy from various angles. In their opinion, it was ochlocracy with no law and rule.

Key words: Athenian democracy, politeia, ochlocracy

中图分类号:

K125

晏绍祥. 从理想到暴政——古典时代希腊人的雅典民主观[J]. 华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2003, 35(6): 49-56, 120.

Shao-xiang YAN. From Politeia to Ochlocracy: Athenian Democracy in Writings of the Classical Greek Age[J]. J. East China Norm. Univ. Philos. Soc. Sci, 2003, 35(6): 49-56, 120.

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从理想到暴政——古典时代希腊人的雅典民主观

From Politeia to Ochlocracy: Athenian Democracy in Writings of the Classical Greek Age

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