华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2012, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 1-16.

• 特稿 •    下一篇

范晔《后汉书》对党锢成因的认识与书写
——党锢事件成因新探

牟发松   

  1. 华东师范大学历史系, 上海, 200241
  • 出版日期:2012-11-15 发布日期:2012-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 牟发松:历史学博士。华东师范大学历史系教授、博士生导师、中国古代史教研室主任。
  • 作者简介:牟发松:历史学博士。华东师范大学历史系教授、博士生导师、中国古代史教研室主任。 中国魏晋南北朝史学会副会长。 获国务院政府特殊津贴。多次应邀赴日本大学及科研机关研访及讲学。

A New Study on the Cause of the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions: Based on FAN Ye’s History of the Later Han Dynasty

MOU Fa-Song   

  • Online:2012-11-15 Published:2012-11-20
  • Contact: MOU Fa-Song
  • About author: MOU Fa-Song

摘要: 《〈后汉书•党锢传〉序》所记三则谣言,意在追溯党锢事件的成因,绝非累赘无意义之笔。甘陵乡人谣就其最终指向最高统治者桓帝而言,实为尔后“诽讪朝廷”的“党人之议”的先声,而甘陵乡邑社会之分裂为“南北部”,以及背后的执政外戚梁冀和清流官僚李、杜之间的激烈政争,亦与党锢事件中的清浊对立紧密相连。汝南、南阳二郡谣则深刻揭示了党锢事件的地方社会背景及制度根源。学中谣语标志着全国性士林舆论的形成,基于士林舆论的党锢名士的组织化(天下名士称号序列),充分体现出名士群体的自律秩序和社会权威,而这被视为尔后门阀贵族体制的重要特征。《〈党锢传〉序》三则谣言的书写,传达了作者范晔对党锢成因的认识与构建。

关键词: 谣言, 党锢, 成因, 《后汉书》

Abstract: The three rumors recorded in the “preface” of “The Biography of the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions” in FAN Ye’s History of the Later Han Dynasty, are not cumbersome meaningless words at all since they aimed at retrospecting to the cause of the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions. The rumor in Ganling County was targeted on the supreme ruler Emperor Huan of Han. This actually heralded the “controversy of partisans” which “abused the imperial court”. Ganling county was divided into “the north and the south” parts and behind this was, the severe political competition between the powerful official LIANG Ji and notable bureaucrats LI and DU. They were also connected closely with the opposition of the evil and the just in the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions. The rumors in Runan and Nanyang prefectures unveiled deeply the local social background and their institutional origin. Rumors in schools marked the formation of the public opinion in national intellectual circles. The systematization of well--known scholars based on the public opinion (all the scholars nationwide were called with names in sequence) showed that scholars were very self--organized and highly prestigious in society, which was regarded as the important characteristics of the noble family system later. The narrative of the three rumors in the “preface” of “The Biography of the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions” conveyed FAN Ye’s understanding and interpretation of the cause of the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions.

Key words: rumors, the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions, the cause, well--known scholars