华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2012, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 66-75.

• 中国近代史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

天下主义/夷夏之辨及其在近代的变异

许纪霖   

  1. 华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所/历史系, 上海, 200241
  • 出版日期:2012-11-15 发布日期:2012-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 许纪霖
  • 作者简介:许纪霖:华东师范大学紫江学者，教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地·华东师大中国现代思想文化研究所常务副所长，华东师范大学历史系中国近代思想史专业博士生导师，华东师范大学思勉人文高等研究院常务副院长，校学术委员会委员。担任上海历史学会副会长、秘书长、中国史学会理事，上海哲学社会科学联合会委员，香港中文大学《二十一世纪》杂志编委。 近年来主要从事二十世纪的中国思想史和知识分子的研究以及上海的城市文化研究。
  • 基金资助:

    本文为国家社科基金项目（07BZSO44）和教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目（11JJD770021）的中期成果。本文初稿承蒙杨国强、赵刚、黄兴涛、刘擎、任锋等先生阅读指教，特此致谢。

Cosmopolitanism, the Debate of the Civilized and the Uncivilized, and their Variations in Modern Times

XU Ji-Lin   

  • Online:2012-11-15 Published:2012-11-20
  • Contact: XU Ji-Lin
  • About author: XU Ji-Lin

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摘要： 在近代中华民族建构的历史过程之中，传统中国的天下主义和夷夏之辨作为历史性的思维框架依然左右着近代中国的思想家们，只是在西潮的冲击下，二者在近代的氛围中产生了历史的变异，以中华文明为核心的天下主义蜕变为以西方为中心的文明论，以中原文化为标准的夷夏之辨异化为以社会达尔文主义为基础的种族论。而在极端的世界主义与民族主义之间，又提供了温和的文化民族主义与新天下主义生长的历史可能性，它们之间的复杂互动和交叉镶嵌对近代中国的民族国家认同产生了深刻影响。

关键词: 天下主义, 夷夏之辨, 文明论, 种族论

Abstract: In the historical process of nation construction in modern China, the traditional Chinese cosmopolitanism and the debate of the civilized and the uncivilized, as historical thinking frames, still dominated Chinese thinkers in modern times. However, under the impact of the West, they had their modern variations. Cosmopolitanism, which considers Chinese civilization as the core, has been transformed to a theory of civilization which regards the West as the center. The debate of the civilized and the uncivilized, which is characterized by cultural sinocentrism, has been dissimilated as racism based on social Darwinism. Between the extreme cosmopolitanism and the extreme nationalism, there are temperate cultural nationalism and neo--cosmopolitanism. The complicated interaction and cross inlaying among them have had profound influence on the nation--state recognition in modern China.

Key words: cosmopolitanism, debate of the civilized and the uncivilized, theory of civilization, racism