华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 33-40.

• 儒学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

道的“去形上化”
——德川日本徂徕学建构政治化儒学的一项尝试

吴震   

  1. 复旦大学哲学学院，上海，200433
  • 出版日期:2014-03-15 发布日期:2014-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 吴震
  • 作者简介:吴震
  • 基金资助:

    本文是复旦大学“985工程”三期整体推进人文学科研究重大项目“全球化视野下的中国儒学研究——海外与本土儒学研究的交错与展望”（2011RWXKZD010）的成果之一。

The De-metaphysicalizing of the “Dao”: Ogyu Sorai’s Attempt at Constructing Politicized Confucianism during the Tokugawa Period in Japan

WU Zhen   

  • Online:2014-03-15 Published:2014-04-01
  • Contact: WU Zhen
  • About author:WU Zhen

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摘要： 德川思想史上的徂徕学以复兴儒家圣人之道、颠覆宋儒形上学为己任，为此他首先要对宋儒的天道观进行解构，他的诠释结论是“道者统名”、道是“先王所造”、道者“多端”等，强调“道”的后天性、人为性、具体性，以此了来颠覆“道”的先天义、抽象义、形上义，完成道的去形上化、非道德化，进而尝试建构日本型的政治化儒学。另一方面，徂徕反对以“国土有别”的文化特殊论为由来排斥圣人之道的观点，认为“道”所展现的礼乐制度在成就人之德的意义上具有普遍适用性，但他又认为即便是圣人安排的制度也应随时变易，这条法则同样适用于日本社会，因为“道”是历史的多样的，这就使得徂徕学的“道论”具有一种具体普遍性之特征。

关键词: 荻生徂徕, 去形上化, 非道德化, 政治化儒学, 具体普遍性

Abstract: The Ogyu Sorai School in the intellectual history of Tokugawa takes it as its mission to revive the Dao of Confucian sages and subvert the Neo-Confucian metaphysics. In deconstructing the Neo-Confucian concept of Tiandao, Sorai claims that “the Dao is a general name”, the Dao “is created by former kings”, the Dao is diverse, etc. In this way, he emphasizes that the Dao is a posteriori, artificial and concrete so as to subvert the a priori, abstract and metaphysical Dao. After the de-metaphysicalization and de-moralization of the “Dao”, he attempts to construct a Japanese type of politicized Confucianism. Ogyu Sorai is against the opinion of rejecting the Dao of Confucian sages since cultures of different lands are different. He argues that the ritual and music system from Dao has universal applicability in achieving virtue. On the other hand, he claims a principle which is also suitable for Japanese society: the system even arranged by sages should change with time because of the historical diversity of the Dao. In this sense, Ogyu Sorai’s doctrine of the Dao is characterized by concrete universality.