华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 136-151.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.02.013

• 当下经济问题探讨 • 上一篇    下一篇

异质性FDI技术溢出和技术进步偏向性跨国传递:来自中美的经验证据

王林辉, 江雪萍, 杨博   

  1. 华东师范大学经济学院经济系 上海, 200241
  • 出版日期:2019-03-15 发布日期:2019-03-21
  • 作者简介:王林辉,华东师范大学经济学院经济系教授;江雪萍,华东师范大学经济学院经济系硕士生;杨博,华东师范大学经济学院经济系博士生(上海,200241)。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金面上项目"要素与技术耦合视角下技术进步偏向性的形成机理、路径转换和跨国传递机制研究"（项目编号：71573088）；国家社科基金重点项目"新常态下我国经济增长动力转换和新增长点培育研究"（项目编号：15AZD002）；国家社科基金重点项目"供给侧结构性改革下东北老工业基地创新要素流动集聚与空间结构优化研究"（项目编号：17AZD009）。

Heterogeneous FDI Technology Premium and Technology Progress Bias Transnational Transfer: Based on Sino-U.S. Evidence

WANG Lin-hui, JIANG Xue-ping, YANG Bo   

  • Online:2019-03-15 Published:2019-03-21

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摘要：

前沿文献开始关注技术进步偏向性问题，却普遍忽视发展中国家技术进步方向和要素禀赋的非匹配性，以及FDI在技术进步偏向性跨国传递过程中所扮演的角色。基于此，依据Acemoglu技术进步偏向性模型，在通过三方程标准化系统法测算技术进步偏向性的基础上，采用面板数据模型分类考察中国最大的贸易伙伴——美国对华直接投资对中国技术进步偏向性影响问题，并探究技术差距对以外资为载体的技术进步偏向性跨国传递效应的影响，以及FDI水平溢出和垂直溢出传递效果差异，其结果显示：（1）中美技术进步偏向性均呈现资本偏向特征，FDI在技术进步偏向性跨国传递过程中扮演重要角色，是中国制造业技术进步方向与自身要素禀赋结构非匹配的原因之一。（2）不同FDI技术溢出方式的传递效应存在异质性，水平溢出和后向溢出引发中国技术进步朝资本偏向。（3）FDI传递技术进步偏向性存在门槛效应，中美技术水平差距越大，则技术进步偏向性跨国传递效果越明显。

关键词: FDI, 技术溢出, 技术进步偏向性, 跨国传递, 制造业

Abstract:

Frontier literatures begin to pay close attention to technological progress bias problem, but generally ignore the mismatch between technological progress direction and factor endowment of developing countries. The role of FDI in the multinational technological progress direction transfer has been rarely noticed. Based on this, according to Acemoglu's technology progress bias model, this paper applies the three-equation method of standardized system to calculate the technological progress bias, using panel data to analyze the impact of American direct investment on China's technological progress bias. It also explores the role of technology gap in the transnational transfer which takes FDI as the carrier, and the difference between FDI's horizontal spillover and vertical spillover. The results show that:(1)The technical progress directions of China and the United States are both capital biases. FDI plays an important role in the multinational technological progress bias transfer, which is the reason why China's manufacturing technology progress direction and its factor endowment structure don't match. (2)The transfer effects of different FDI technology spillovers are heterogeneous. Horizontal spillovers and backward spillovers lead to China's capital technological progress bias. (3)There is a threshold effect on the technology progress bias transfer. The larger the technological gap between China and the United States, the more obvious the technology transfer effect.

Key words: FDI, technology premium, technological progress bias, transnational transfer, manufacturing industry