华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 32-43.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.02.004

• 语言学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

广义语法形态理论的解释力——对普通话语序类型与论元配置类型的描写与解释

金立鑫1,2   

  1. 1. 江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院 徐州, 221009;
    2. 上海外国语大学语言研究院 上海, 200083
  • 出版日期:2019-03-15 发布日期:2019-03-21
  • 作者简介:金立鑫,江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院教授(徐州,221009),上海外国语大学语言研究院教授(上海,200083)。

The Grammatical Consequences of Mixed Types of Word Order and Argument Alignment in Mandarin Chinese: From a More General Perspective of Grammatical Morphology

JIN Li-xin1,2   

  • Online:2019-03-15 Published:2019-03-21

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摘要： 汉语语法研究中的几个老大难问题可以从广义语法形态角度来讨论，通过广义语法形态来展示汉语名词与动词之间的区别性特征，拒绝"名包动"（super-noun）理论。通过广义语法形态可以观察到汉语在论元配置模式上存在主宾格与施通格并存的现象，由此解决"王冕死了父亲""台上坐着主席团"等一系列难以判定主宾语的历史难题。通过广义语法形态还可以观察到汉语的VO-OV混合语序类型。文章解释了汉语的"把"字句、歧义结构、兼语结构以及某些结构无法进行被动化操作以及必须进行被动化操作等结构背后的动因。

关键词: 广义语法形态, 论元配置, 语序类型

Abstract: This paper discusses a number of difficult problems in the study of Chinese grammar from a more general perspective of grammatical morphology. The distinctive features between nouns and verbs in Chinese are demonstrated and thus the theory of "super-noun" was rejected. The coexistence of nominative-accusative alignment and absolutive-ergative alignment in Chinese explains a series of long-standing, unsolved problems such as how to identify the subject and object in "WANG Mian si le fuqin" (WANG Mian's father died) or "Tai shang zuozhe zhuxituan" (The presidium are sitting on the stage). The mixed types of word orders in Chinese, i.e., VO-OV, are observed from such a more general perspective. This paper also finds the motivation behind the structures such as ba-sentences, some ambiguous structures, pivotal structure and the possibility of passivization in some structures.

Key words: a more general perspective of grammatical morphology, argument alignment, type of word order