华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 97-108.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.04.009

• 文学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

诗与仕：阶层分野之下的“西昆”体与“平淡”诗风

许浩然   

  • 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-07-19
  • 作者简介:许浩然，西安交通大学人文社会科学学院副教授（西安，710049）
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金青年项目“宋代词臣文化与文学研究”（项目编号：17CZW019）

Poetic Styles and Official Positions：The Styles of “Xikun” and “Plain” under Hierarchy Division

Hao-ran XU   

  • Online:2021-07-15 Published:2021-07-19

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摘要：

北宋诗史上，“西昆”诗人与“平淡”诗风的引领者梅尧臣分别来自两个不同的社会阶层：前者为馆阁翰苑的臣僚之属，后者则出自低级官员、普通士人的等级，他们诗风的不同取向彰显着各自阶层的审美趣味。从诗风与仕宦两个方面来观照这二者的人生图景，可以看到，“西昆”诗人华美诗风的取向与清贵阶层的出身互为映衬，彰显出人生格局的稳定性；梅尧臣则在追求朴素诗境与瞻慕清贵仕途之间展示出人生格局的张力。在这样的态势下，梅氏与后期“西昆”派代表人物晏殊、王珪唱和交往，基于具体的仕宦氛围与思想心态之异，对于自身践行的“平淡”诗风明确表达过称扬与贬抑两种截然不同的态度。

关键词: “西昆”, “平淡”, 梅尧臣, 晏殊, 王珪, 阶层分野

Abstract:

In the history of Northern Song poetry, “Xikun” poets and MEI Yao-chen, the leader of “plain” style of poetry, came from two different hierarchies: the former belonged to the officials of imperial academies, and the latter came from the rank of low-level officials and ordinary scholars. Their different orientations of style of poetry showed different aesthetic tastes of their own classes. Examining the poetic styles and official positions, we can see that the orientation of the poetic style of “Xikun” corresponds to the origin of the noble class, which shows the stability of the life pattern; on the contrary, MEI Yao-chen demonstrated the tension of the life pattern between the pursuit of simple poetry and that of the noble career. In such a circumstance, MEI had poetic communication with YAN Shu and WANG Gui, the representatives of “Xikun” style in the later period. Based on the specific difference of official atmosphere and mentality, MEI clearly expressed two different attitudes of praise and belittle for his own “plain” style.

Key words: “Xikun”, “plain”, MEI Yao-chen, YAN Shu, WANG Gui, hierarchy division