华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3): 120-130.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.03.012

• 神话学研究 • 上一篇    

祖先创世神话与中华文明的统一性

毕旭玲   

  • 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-28
  • 作者简介:毕旭玲,上海社会科学院文学研究所研究员(上海,200235)
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目“中华瘟神信仰谱系与当代信仰实践研究”(项目编号:22BZJ056)。

Ancestral Cosmogonic Myths and the Unity of Chinese Civilization

Xuling Bi   

  • Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-05-28

摘要:

祖先创世神话的形成发展过程反映了中华文明统一性的发生。当狭隘的血缘祖先崇拜转变为内涵深广的文化始祖崇拜,祖先创世神话就产生了。文化始祖崇拜所显示的伦理认同,为中华文明统一性的发生创造了伦理动因。以文化始祖为叙事主体的神话起到了增强各族群民众向心力和凝聚力的重要作用,成为起源不同的族群走向统一的重要精神和文化动力。祖先创世神话中的文化始祖非常多,但神话叙事并没有因此显得散乱无序,主要是因为其中存在一条以炎黄世系为核心的叙事线索。以炎黄世系为核心的叙事线索显示了家族繁衍与族群演化同构的逻辑认同,为中华文明统一性发生创造了逻辑动因。祖先创世神话还是中华文明统一性早期实践的重要载体,商周曾通过神话建构,利用伦理动因与逻辑动因继承前朝传统,使夏商周三代连接为整体。中华文明早期积淀的伦理与逻辑、理想与道德、知识与技术等在祖先创世神话中得到了传承传播,因此必须加强创世神话研究参与中华文明探源的广度和深度。

关键词: 中华文明, 统一性, 祖先创世神话, 伦理动因, 逻辑动因

Abstract:

The formation and evolution of ancestral cosmogonic myths epitomize the crystallization of Chinese civilizational unity. When narrow blood-based ancestor worship evolved into profound cultural progenitor worship, ancestral cosmogonic myths emerged. The ethical identity demonstrated by cultural progenitor worship created an ethical impetus for the unity of Chinese civilization. Myths centered on cultural progenitors played a critical role in enhancing cohesion among diverse ethnic groups, serving as a spiritual and cultural force unifying communities of varied origins. Although ancestral cosmogonic myths feature numerous cultural progenitors, their narratives remain cohesive due to the Yan-Huang lineage as a core thematic thread. This lineage reflects a logical identity between familial reproduction and ethnic evolution, establishing a logical impetus for the unity of Chinese civilization. Additionally, these myths functioned as a vehicle for early practices of the unity of Chinese civilization. The Shang and Zhou dynasties utilized myth-making to inherit traditions from preceding dynasties, integrating the Xia, Shang, and Zhou into a continuous whole through ethical and logical motivations. The myths also preserved and disseminated ethics, logic, ideals, morality, knowledge, and technology accumulated in early Chinese civilization. Therefore, deepening research on cosmogonic myths is essential to broadened and refined explorations into the origins of Chinese civilization.

Key words: Chinese civilization, unity, ancestral cosmogonic myths, ethical motivation, logical motivation