华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 29-39.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.003

• 马克思主义与现时代 • 上一篇    下一篇

论历史思维中的“真正马克思主义”之辨

黄力之   

  • 接受日期:2025-09-09 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-10-09
  • 作者简介:黄力之，中共上海市委党校哲学部教授（上海，200233）
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金一般项目“关于改革开放史的马克思主义性质之辩护性研究”（项目编号：20BKS170）。

On the Debate of “Authentic Marxism” in Historical Thinking

Lizhi Huang   

  • Accepted:2025-09-09 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-10-09

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摘要：

当马克思说出“我不是马克思主义者”时，意味着无可争辩而且具有唯一性的“马克思主义”概念已经发生了分化。在马克思恩格斯去世以后，“真正马克思主义”之辨横贯了马克思主义发展史。“真正马克思主义”的问题之被关注，一般都与社会主义运动的实践有关系，因为这涉及社会主义应该“怎么办”。早期发生的“真正马克思主义”之辨，是围绕伯恩施坦、考茨基的理论而进行的，今天应该关注其思维方法的问题。在20世纪的革命、建设和改革开放过程中，中国共产党不但经历了“真正马克思主义”问题之考验，而且成功地解决了这个问题。总结全部经验教训，那就是：必须将“真正马克思主义”置于正确方法论及其实践的指导之下，而不是纠缠于文本及其解释，只有这样对待马克思主义，马克思主义才是充满生命力的。

关键词: 马克思主义, “真正马克思主义”问题之辨, 中国共产党

Abstract:

When Marx claimed that “I am not a Marxist”, it signified that the indisputable and exclusive concept of “Marxism” had already undergone differentiation. After the passing of Marx and Engels, the debate over “authentic Marxism” has permeated the whole history of Marxist development. The debate over “authentic Marxism” is typically related to the practice of socialist movements, pertaining to the question of “what is to be done with socialism”. The early debates over “authentic Marxism” centered on the theories of Bernstein and Kautsky, and today we should focus on the methodological aspects in their thinking. In the process of revolution, construction, and reform in the 20th century, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has not only withstood the text of the question of “authentic Marxism” but has also successfully resolved it. Summarizing all the lessons of experience, it is that “authentic Marxism” must be guided by correct methodology and practice, rather than entangled in textual interpretations. Only by treating Marxism in this way can it remain full of vitality.

Key words: Marxism, debate on “authentic Marxism”, Communist Party of China