华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2011, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 80-86.

• 中国近代史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

大清臣民与民国国民之间？
——以新政时期万寿圣节为中心的探讨

小野寺史郎   

  1. 日本京都大学人文科学研究所
  • 出版日期:2011-09-15 发布日期:2011-10-12
  • 通讯作者: 小野寺史郎
  • 作者简介:小野寺史郎

Between Imperial Subject and Republican Citizen 
——A Focus on the Emperor’s Birthday in the 1900s in China

XIAO Ye-Si-Shi-Lang   

  • Online:2011-09-15 Published:2011-10-12
  • Contact: XIAO Ye-Si-Shi-Lang
  • About author: XIAO Ye-Si-Shi-Lang

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摘要： 这几年，对于民国初年国庆日的研究比较盛行。但庆祝纪念日的习惯，并非是辛亥革命以后才出现的。庚子事变以后清政府开始新政，其中，改变万寿圣节的形式，导入臣民悬挂国旗以庆贺君主诞辰这一全新的政治文化，无疑是以清末外交官在欧洲与日本目睹之各国的习惯为参考的。与此同时，非君主国美国与法国等独立或革命纪念日的概念，也被梁启超介绍到中国。于是，不是庆祝君主诞辰，而是通过纪念过去“事业” 养成国民之爱国心的纪念日，此想法也在新政时期十分普及。此等新的政治文化，在构成“民国国民”的自我认同之前，已被赋予构成“大清臣民”的新自我认同之期望。

关键词: 万寿圣节, 国庆日, 纪念日, 政治文化, 新政

Abstract: Recently, there are a lot of researches on the national day ceremony of the Republic of China. But before the 1911 revolution, China already had a kind of culture of celebrating a memorial day. After the 1900 Boxer Movement, the Qing Dynasty started a political reform, and at that time introduced the Western new political culture according to which all the subject should raise national flags and celebrate the Emperor’s Birthday. On the other hand, Liang Qichao introduced the French Bastille Day and the American Independence Day to China in his article in 1901. Thus, in the 1900s China, it was already popular for the Reformists and Revolutionaries to celebrate such a memorial day for cultivating people’s patriotism. So, these new political cultures, before constructing the identity of the Republican citizen, were expected to construct a new identity of the Imperial subject.

Key words: Emperor&rsquo, s Birthday, National Day, memorial day, political culture