华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2013, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 67-73.

• 哲学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

论“道家自由主义”三相

蔡志栋   

  1. 上海师范大学中国传统思想研究所暨哲学学院,上海,200234
  • 出版日期:2013-05-15 发布日期:2013-05-24
  • 通讯作者: 蔡志栋
  • 作者简介:蔡志栋
  • 基金资助:

    本文系国家社科基金青年项目(10CZX029)、上海高校一流学科(B类)建设计划上海师范大学“哲学”规划项目的阶段性成果。

Three Kinds of Discourse of Daoist Liberalism

CAI Zhi-dong   

  • Online:2013-05-15 Published:2013-05-24
  • Contact: CAI Zhi-dong
  • About author:CAI Zhi-dong

摘要: 20世纪中国思想史中,“道家自由主义”之出现,意在用传统道家作为接榫自由主义的文化土壤,由此形成了三种主要论述:第一种是政治自由主义,从道家“无为论”中分析出统治者一方面要缩减自己的行为,另一方面应尊重民众的政治主体性的结论;第二种将道家的“天道”等同于西方的自然法,从中阐释出自由主义来,此可谓“天道自由主义”。第三种则从道家(主要是庄子)注重精神自由的角度试图开出整全性自由主义来。这种论证思路弥补了自由主义退缩为政治自由主义之后在精神世界建设问题上的疲敝。这些论述之中包含了什么样的洞见和盲点,关系到“道家自由主义”是否成立的问题,因而值得探讨。

关键词: 道家自由主义, 政治主体性, 天道, 整全性自由主义

Abstract: Daoist liberalism has obviously been an intellectual tendency in China’s society since the 20th century. To foster liberalism in the cultural soil of traditional Daoism, Daoist liberalism has developed three kinds of discourses: firstly, political liberalism, which put forward an argument from the idea of wuwei in Daoism that the ruling class should control its action on one hand, and respect the political subjectivity of people on the other; secondly, tiandao-liberalism, which equates the idea of tiandao (Dao of Nature) in Daoism with the Western concept of the law of nature; thirdly, a comprehensive liberalism based on spiritual freedom stressed by Zhangzi and other philosophers of Daoism, which helps to solve the weakness of political literalism in the construction of spiritual world. Which insights and blind spots are included in these arguments? Is Daoist liberalism possible? This thesis tries to answer these questions.