华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 40-46.

• 伦理学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

专制的卢梭，还是自由的卢梭 
——对《社会契约论》的一种解读

刘时工   

  1. 华东师范大学哲学系，上海，200241
  • 出版日期:2014-01-15 发布日期:2014-03-02
  • 通讯作者: 刘时工
  • 作者简介:刘时工

A despotic Rousseau or a liberal Rousseau?

Liu Shi-gong   

  1. The department of philosophy, East China Normal University
  • Online:2014-01-15 Published:2014-03-02
  • Contact: Liu Shi-gong
  • About author:Liu Shi-gong

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摘要： 传统的自由主义者常常夸大洛克和卢梭的不同，把前者看作自由主义的奠基人，而把后者视为专制政治的拥护者。这是对卢梭政治哲学的误读，误读的根源在于仅抓住《社会契约论》中的只言片语，而不是从通篇论述中去理解公意和绝对主权。实际上，如果按照卢梭本来的论述去理解卢梭，我们会发现，如洛克一样，卢梭对生命、财产和自由等权利同样关注，对权力导致专制的趋向十分警惕；他不仅严格界定了公意、全体和主权等被反复误解的概念，避免人们将多数理解为全体，将多数的意志理解为公意，还设计出种种方案限制政府权力，保证公意的实现。

关键词: 卢梭；社会契约论, 专制；自由

Abstract: The classical liberalists such as Edmund Burke and Constant de Rebecque usually magnify the difference of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, regarding Locke as one of the founders of liberalism and Rousseau as an advocate of despotism. This is a serious misunderstanding for Rousseau’s political philosophy, for they do not interpret The Social Contract as a whole, but just understand it by twos and threes. Actually, if we read the book carefully faithfully, we will find that Rousseau also recognize human rights and guard against the dangers of government’s usurping the sovereign. He not only defined strictly the concepts of general will, the whole body and sovereign which are misunderstood repeatedly, but also design some projects to confine the power of government so as to realize the general will.

Key words: Rousseau, the social contract, despotism, freedom