华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 156-164.

• 经济学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国代际收入流动性及传递机制研究

龙翠红,王潇   

  1. 华东师范大学商学院
  • 出版日期:2014-09-15 发布日期:2014-10-02
  • 通讯作者: 龙翠红,王潇
  • 作者简介:龙翠红,王潇
  • 基金资助:

    本文系国家社科基金教育科学规划项目“收入差距与中国的教育回报率:基于需求角度的分析”(项目编号:CFA130155)的阶段性成果。

On China’s Intergenerational Income Mobility and Transfer Mechanism

LONG Cui-hong & WANG Xiao   

  • Online:2014-09-15 Published:2014-10-02
  • Contact: LONG Cui-hong & WANG Xiao
  • About author:LONG Cui-hong & WANG Xiao

摘要: 代际收入流动性反映了经济社会中机会均等的状况,因此,关注和研究代际收入流动性问题具有重要的现实意义。使用CHNS 的1989—2009 年数据,运用优化估计方法并剔除偏差因素,通过建立模型实证估算2009 年中国代际收入弹性,其结果整体约为0.6,城市和农村分别为0.8 和0.5。该结果表明,与已有国家的相关研究结果相比,中国的代际收入弹性偏高,中国的家庭因素对子代收入的影响仍然很大。进一步地,从教育、健康等人力资本和社会资本几个方面研究代际收入流动性的内在传递机制,其实证结果表明,人力资本对中国的代际收入传递起到了重要作用,社会资本的影响也很显著。有鉴于此,一方面,政府应该进一步加大公共支出力度,采用多种途径增加民众在享受医疗保健和接受教育等公共资源方面的公正和公平性,另一方面要继续强化市场经济体制改革,破除城乡之间劳动力市场的分割和劳动力流动的壁垒,以及职业隔离和行业垄断等格局,从而提高社会效率,提高动态的机会均等和收入公平。

关键词: 代际收入流动性, 代际收入弹性, 传递机制, 教育, 健康, 社会资本

Abstract: The study on intergenerational income mobility, which reflects the equality of opportunity in economic and social conditions, is practically significant. Through the optimizing of estimation methods and eliminating the deviation factors, this thesis analyzes CHNS data from 1989 to 2009 and finds out that in 2009 the overall intergenerational income elasticity of China is about 0.6, and the urban and rural area is respectively 0.8 and 0.5. This means that China’s intergenerational income elasticity is still on the high side compared with other countries. An empirical study on the internal transfer mechanism of intergenerational income mobility from the perspectives of education, health and social capital shows that human capital plays an important role in the process of China’s intergenerational income inheritance, and social capital is also having a significant influence on the inheritance. Therefore, on the one hand, the government should further increase the intensity of public expenditure and use a variety of ways to increase the justice and fairness of people sharing public resources such as health care and education; on the other, the government should continue to strengthen the reform of market economic system and break barriers regarding labor market segmentation and labor mobility between the urban and rural area, and remove occupational segregation and industry monopoly pattern, so that we can improve social efficiency, dynamic equal opportunity and income fairness.